Use of endocrine therapies has made hormone receptor-positive breast cancer a manageable disease if diagnosed at an early stage. However, endocrine therapy resistance is a persistent problem in patients with advanced breast cancer. Ongoing research has identified a number of mechanisms that may mediate resistance, including estrogenindependent activation of the estrogen receptor; increased sign...

Endocrine therapy (ET) for 5 years substantially reduces recurrence rates and increases survival in patients with estrogen-receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer. Recently, large-scale clinical data have shown further benefit of extended ET up to 10 instead stopping at years. We evaluated demographic factors associated late after 5-year completion ET. This retrospective analysis used medical reco...

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Endocrine therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer; however, many tumors exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating hormone sensitivity or resistance is important t...

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted by the corpuscle of Stannius, an endocrine gland of bony fish, and is involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The related mammalian proteins, STC1 and STC2, are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. The ovaries have the highest level of STC1, and this increases during pregnancy and lactation. STC1 is present in breast ducta...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. This study surveys the pathologic characteristics of thyroid cancerin Mashhad and study of papillary carcinoma in more detail. In this retrospective study, 108 out of 197 cases of thyroid cancer were papillary in type (55%), with female to male ratio of 1.91 which is lower than current reports. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged ...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To comprehensively assess the patient and illness or treatment factors that may predict nonadherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy and to explore whether an interaction occurs between these factors in women with breast cancer. DESIGN Repeated-measures design. SETTING The Outpatient Services of the Women's Cancer Program at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and...

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are recommended as adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive breast cancer. With the widespread use of AI adjuvant endocrine therapy, a significant profile of musculoskeletal symptoms has emerged. Moderate to severe musculoskeletal symptoms have led some women to discontinue therapy, compromising the survival benefit. The etiology of ...

CONTEXT The cancer associated Sm-like proto-oncogene mRNA has been found to be overexpressed in the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and is necessary for the transformed phenotype in pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, expression levels have not been examined in other types of pancreatic neoplasms, such as pancreatic endocrine tumors. SETTING Fifteen primary pancreatic endocrine tumo...