We examine the prospects for using lead as a supernova-neutrino detector by considering the spectrum of electrons produced, and the number of oneand two-neutron events. We show that the electron energy spectrum from charged-current reactions can be used to extract information about the high-temperature component of the neutrino spectrum. Some degree of electron neutrino oscillation is expected ...

We examine the prospects for using lead as a supernova-neutrino detector by considering the spectrum of electrons produced, and the number of oneand two-neutron events. We show that the electron energy spectrum from charged-current reactions can be used to extract information about the high-temperature component of the neutrino spectrum. Some degree of electron neutrino oscillation is expected ...

Diffusive shock acceleration theory suggests that the " universal " energy spectrum of electrons with a power-law index p ≈ 2.3, commonly used to model GRB afterglows, cannot extend below an electron lorentz factor γ e equal to the bulk lorentz factor of the blast wave multiplied by the ratio of proton and electron masses. We suggest that the electron energy distribution has a slope p < 2 below...

We report the creation of an interacting cold Rydberg gas of strontium atoms. We show that the excitation spectrum of the inner valence electron is sensitive to the interactions in the Rydberg gas, even though they are mediated by the outer Rydberg electron. By studying the evolution of this spectrum we observe density-dependent population transfer to a state of higher angular momentum l. We de...

We study single-electron quantum dots on helium surface created by electrodes submerged into the helium. The intradot potential is electrostatically controlled. We find the electron energy spectrum and identify relaxation mechanisms. Strong in-plane confinement significantly slows down electron relaxation. Energy relaxation is due primarily to coupling to phonons in helium. Dephasing is determi...

An electron transport chain has been found and partially characterized in highly purified membranes of serotonin granules isolated from porcine platelets. In these membranes NADH, but not NADPH, is oxidized when ferricyanide or catalytic amounts of cytochrome c were present. The reduced minus oxidized spectrum of these serotonin granule membranes shows a characteristic cytochrome b spectrum wit...

Super-Kamiokande has measured the solar neutrino flux using elastic neutrino-electron scattering in water. The measured flux is 2.32 ± 0.03(stat) −0.07(syst)×10 /(cms) based on the energy range of 5 to 20 MeV for the recoiling electron. The time-dependence and energy spectrum of the recoiling electrons were studied to search for two-neutrino oscillation signatures. The absence of either signifi...

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope offers the possibility of extracting high accuracy maps of composition and electronic properties through EELS spectrum images (EELS-SI). Acquiring EELS-SI for different tilt angles, a 3D tomographic reconstruction of EELS information can be achieved. In the present work we show that an EELS spectrum volume (EELS-SV),...

The transverse instability in a beam and the blow-up in its size caused by an electron cloud become increasingly important in high-intensity accelerators. The electron cloud builds up through beam-induced multipacting. We investigated the energy spectrum of an electron cloud with short bunch using particle simulation. A "stop-band" structure is found and a model is suggested to explain and to d...

The triply differential cross section of molecular hydrogen for ionization by 50 eV positrons has been determined, for the first time, for both the ejected electron in coincidence with the remnant ion and for the scattered projectile. Asymmetries in the energy sharing between the two light particles in the final state are observed, with the electron spectrum being shifted to significantly lower...