HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HPeV are nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA picornoviruses that were first detected in 1956 in children with diarrhea. HPeV-1 and HPeV-2 were originally believed to belong to the genus Enterovirus (EV) and were named echoviruses 22 and 23 (1). In 1999, HPeV were assigned their genus name when genomic sequencing proved that they were not EV. At least 14 other...

a total number of 218 cerebrospinal fluids obtainedfrom children with aseptic meningitis iii tehran , were studied by attempts at virus isolation. all specimens were inoculated at least into three different cell systems. this investigation ended in isolation of 37 strains of viral agent, which are divided as following: 2 strains of poliovirus, 11 strains of coxsackie b virus, 8 strains of echov...

A spectacular Cambrian soft bodied fauna some 40 km from Walcott's original Burgess Shale locality includes over 50 taxa, some 20% new to science. New anatomical evidence from this site will illuminate the evolution of early marine animals.

The Cambrian 'explosion' is widely regarded as one of the fulcrum points in the history of life, yet its origins and causes remain deeply controversial. New data from the fossil record, especially of Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten, indicate, however, that the assembly of bodyplans is not only largely a Cambrian phenomenon, but can already be documented in fair detail. This speaks against a muc...

Both rubella virus and Echovirus 9 (ECHO 9) were epidemic in Scotland during the summer of 1973; both viruses can cause a mild febrile illness with rash. Sera from 286 rubella-negative pregnant women were tested for neutralizing antibodies to ECHO 9 virus; 40 women had antibody titres suggestive of recent infection. Prospective studies on the outcome of these pregnancies are in progress but pre...

Halkieriids and wiwaxiids are cosmopolitan sclerite-bearing metazoans from the Lower and Middle Cambrian. Although they have similar scleritomes, their phylogenetic position is contested. A new scleritomous fossil from the Burgess Shale has the prominent anterior shell of the halkieriids but also bears wiwaxiid-like sclerites. This new fossil defines the monophyletic halwaxiids and indicates th...

Upla, Paula Integrin-mediated entry of echovirus 1 Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2008, 86 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science, ISSN 1456-9701; 189) ISBN 978-951-39-3109-4 (PDF), 978-951-39-3087-5 Yhteenveto: Echovirus 1:n integriinivälitteinen sisäänmeno soluun Diss. Echovirus 1 (EV1) is a human pathogen, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family of RNA viruses....