Security-critical software is open to attacks by adversaries that disable its functionality. To decrease the risk, we propose an attack avoidance method for complicating process identification. The proposed method complicates identification based on process information by dynamically replacing the information held by a kernel with dummy information. Replacing process information makes identifyi...

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This paper presents an exhaustive method to characterize the interconnect capacitances with taking the floating dummy-tills into account. Results of the case study with typical floating dummy-fills show that the inter-layer capacitances are also an important factor in the electrical consideration for the dummy-fills. An efficient field solving algorithm is implemented into the 3D finite-differe...

Abstract. Recently, we have presented a new practical method for upward crossing minimization [4], which clearly outperformed existing approaches for drawing hierarchical graphs in that respect. The outcome of this method is an upward planar representation (UPR), a planarly embedded graph in which crossings are represented by dummy vertices. However, straight-forward approaches for drawing such...

Over the past thirty years, economists have become increasingly interested in the labor market for professional sports. These studies have focused primarily on exploitation, the difference between marginal revenue product and salary, or discrimination, salary differentials based on race, or ethnic background. This paper attempts to combine both areas of research. that is, to explain the systema...

The Japanese language has a lot of functional expressions, which consist of more than one word and behave like a single functional word. A remarkable characteristic of Japanese functional expressions is that each functional expression has many different surface forms. This paper proposes a methodology for compilation of a dictionary of Japanese functional expressions with hierarchical organizat...

In this note we point out that in panel models which include an attribute variable together with fixed effects, circumventing the dummy variable trap by an arbitrary zero restriction straightly leads to serious misinterpretations. As an example we consider the widely cited paper by Kalyanaram and Urban (1992) on the impact of order of market entry on the market share. We show that their major f...

The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge upon the proxies for federalism used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue that federalism is a...

A new heteroskedastic hedonic regression model is suggested. It takes into account time-varying volatility and is applied to a blue chips art market. Furthermore, a nonparametric local likelihood estimator is used. This estimator is more precise than the often used dummy variables method. The empirical analysis reveals that errors are considerably non-Gaussian, and that a student distribution w...