Two highly selective two-photon fluorescent probes for cysteine over homocysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, glutathione and other amino acids, and their fluorescent imaging in living cells have been shown.

Functional materials engineered to degrade upon triggering are in high demand due their potentially lower impact on the environment as well use sensing and medical applications. Here, stimuli-responsive polymers prepared by decorating a self-immolative poly(dithiothreitol) backbone with pendant catechol units. The highly functional polymer is fashioned into gels, formed through pH-dependent cat...

The kinetics of thiol modulation of the chloroplast H+-ATPase (CF0CF1) in membrana were analyzed by employing thioredoxins that were kept reduced by 0.1 mM dithiothreitol. The kinetics of thiol modulation depend on the extent of the proton gradient. The process is an exponential function of the thioredoxin concentration and reaction time and can be described by an irreversible second order reac...

2-Mercaptoethanol increases the optical density of assay solutions at wavelengths between 280 to 400 nm, and therefore interferes with the measurement of protein concentration by the microbiuret method. Protein concentration can be determined in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol up to 6 mM by modification of the method as follows: after the precipitation of protein by trichloroacetic acid in th...

Insulin receptors from turkey erythrocyte membranes exist as monomers and dimers when membranes are solubilized with detergent. We examined the ability of monomers and dimers to act as protein kinases to effect both autophosphorylation of the receptor and phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate. After separation by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, only receptor dimers show significant...

The transglutaminase-catalysed incorporation of primary amines (putrescine and monodansylcadaverine) into bovine beta-lactoglobulin has been studied. In the presence of 1 mM-dithiothreitol between 1 and 2 mol of amine can be incorporated per mol of beta-lactoglobulin subunit. There is very little incorporation of amines in the absence of reducing agent. By isolating and sequencing the modified ...

The phosphotungstate reagent (PTR) was used for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of physiological forms of vitamin C in blood plasma. An immediate action of PTR on the first half of the tested samples allowed to determine reduced vitamin C concentrations (I) at 700 nm. 10 mM dithiothreitol added to the second half of the samples reduced oxidized vitamin C in it--hence the total amo...

Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) was purified from intact pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts by a method which includes affinity chromatography on ADP-agarose. Fractions from the affinity column which had glutathione reductase activity consisted of polypeptides of 60 and 32 kilodaltons. Separation of the proteins by electrophoresis on native gels showed that glutathione reductase activity was a...