Dear Editor, Since 1976 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (an attenuated form of wild type Mycobacterium bovis; BCG) has been extensively used for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. It is a safe and well tolerated treatment with rare adverse events including allergic reactions, granoulomatous prostitidis or epididymo-orchitis, disseminated infection and BCG sepsis1. Although cystitis is not an...

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (MAI) infection typically have widely disseminated disease, often fail to respond to multi-drug chemotherapeutic regimens, and show little or no inflammatory tissue response. To determine if this clinicopathologic state correlates with in vitro lymphocyte responses to specific antig...

The precise etiology of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is unknown. However, it has been associated with bacterial (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli, S. pneumoniae), Bartonella, and viral (coxsackie, ECHO, influenza, varicella. Epstein-Barr) infections and with endotoxemia. Recently, we experienced a case of HUS in a 16-year-old boy who was in the acute phase of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infecti...

To the Editor: We read with interest the review by Ellerin et al on infections and anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy (1), as well as the article by Netea et al reporting 2 cases of Salmonella enterica septicemia secondary to treatment with adalimumab and infliximab (2). Netea and colleagues also demonstrated decreased interferonproduction and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 expre...

When mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain BCG were inoculated intravenously with old tuberculin (OT) or living BCG cells, both migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interferon appeared in the circulation within a few hours. In such animals, which showed delayed hypersensitivity by footpad tests, as little as 1.5 mg of OT or as few as 1.7 x 10(6) bacteria per mouse were capable o...

The mouse bcg host resistance gene is known to control the activation of host macrophages for killing of intracellular parasites like Leishmania donovani as well as intracellular bacteria, including Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The Nramp1 gene has been mapped to this locus and affects the efficiency of macrophage activation. It has been shown that imidazo...

In this study, the clinical and immunogenetical features in a cohort of Chinese patients with BCGosis/BCGitis were investigated. For the patients with abnormal immunological functions, Sanger sequencing was used to identify the involved genes. There were 74 confirmed cases of BCGosis/BCGitis during 2007-2012. Classified by infected tissues and organs, no cases only had local infection, 39 patie...

Objective(s): Infection with tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a major health issue. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance during TB treatment, prevention via vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling the infection. DNA vaccines are developed at a greater pace due to their ability in generating a long-lasting immune response, higher safety com...