Media disinformation is an international crime that carries with it criminal culpability for its perpetrators. All elements of from the legal, material, moral, and pillars are present in media disinformation. The legal pillar consists texts found conventions, declarations, covenants, Geneva Conventions 1949 their additional protocols, others, which all stipulate combating disinformation, whethe...

For decades, the spread of disinformation in online social networks (OSNs) has been a serious issue. Disinformation via media can easily mislead people’s beliefs toward or against an event that may their behaviors based on misbeliefs. The game theory approaches have proposed under dynamic settings to limit adverse influences disinformation. It is challenge expand users’ strategies from spreadin...

Abstract Every country is concerned about disinformation on the internet, especially its impact domestic elections and politics. Among them, there are concerns that mainland China will meddle in Taiwan’s with disinformation. In December 2018, government launched a policy to combat disinformation, including proposing legal amendments. However, laws Taiwanese use investigate prosecute individuals...

International Organizations are seriously concerned about the fake news phenomenon. UNESCO has defined term of misinformation/disinformation, which two faces news. European Commission conducted a survey “Fake News” through EU citizens to estimate awareness and people behaviour related appearance disinformation on electronic. The findings quite worrying, since 40% come across daily 85% evaluate ...

Fake news and disinformation are not a new phenomenon. However, in recent years, they have acquired great prominence on the public agenda, conditioning electoral results generating episodes of political destabilization. Academic interest runs parallel with consideration as growing priority for governments international organizations, due to its geostrategic relevance importance national soverei...