Bladder cancer is among the ten most common cancers and the ten main causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Currently, bladder tumors are diagnosed and followed up using a combination of cystoscopy and cytology. In addition, bladder cancer often recurs and can progress if not closely monitored after initial treatment. Constant monitoring of the patient with cystoscopy, which is an invasi...

Introduction: The assumed necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to simple cystoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is required before this outpatient procedure. Methods: A total of 162 patients with mean age of 51 years old (range: 12–82 years old) were recruited. They were randomized into two groups: First group did not receive a...