Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. In some situations, other acid-base disorders coexist with DKA including metabolic alkalosis. There is several underlying etiology for the DKA with metabolic alkalosis such as extracellular volume loss secondary to vomiting or diuretics, alkali ingestion, and corticosteroid excess. We report herein the ...

The molecular pathology of corticotroph tumors is surveyed in the light of recent work showing the induction of aggressive corticotroph tumors by the transgenic expression of epidermal growth factor receptors.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective venous sampling from the posterior portion of the cavernous sinus (CS) is recommended for the diagnosis of Cushing disease, because samples from the posterior portion yield higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels than those from the anterior and middle portions. We prospectively assessed this intracavernous gradient of ACTH level to determine which site...

We report the case of a 49-year-old woman presenting with Cushing disease and visual disturbance. An atypical, aggressive, invasive pituitary tumor regrew despite several surgeries. Detailed morphologic investigation by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy documented a Crooke cell adenoma, a rare form of ACTH-producing pituitary tumor. Recognition of such adenomas is of impor...

Background: Cushing's disease is the most prevalent cause of endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone hypersecretion. The aim of this study was to document the current clinical practice pattern in the management of Cushing's disease by Iranian Endocrinologists to determine their opinions and compare them with the current clinical practice guidelines.    Methods: An eight-item questi...

Prolonged use of topical corticosteroids, particularly in infants, albeit rare, may lead to Cushing syndrome. Central nervous system abnormalities including brain atrophy and delayed myelination on cranial magnetic resonance imaging has been reported in patients with corticosteroid treatment. We herein report a 5-month-old female infant referred to Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Edirne,...

Ritonavir is commonly used in low doses to boost plasma levels of protease inhibitors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. It is also a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450. We present a 50-year-old African American male with past medical history of HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which also included ritonavir and long standing asthma that has been...

N early a century ago, Karl Germain (1878-1956), a magician who had an international reputation for conjuring, became blind from a brain tumor. It ended his career. His physicians in Cleveland, Ohio, advised him to consult the eminent neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD (1869-1939), in Boston, Massachusetts. Cushing successfully removed the tumor and reported the case in his landmark article on men...