The crusading movement covers about 500 years of European history; the idea affected all social groups in Europe and became an element knightly culture. This article highlights two main turning points history movement: Fourth Crusade conquest Constantinople 1204 end Latin Kingdom Jerusalem 1291. These events lead to rethinking goals, objectives, directions expanding its geography. crusades Late...

exceeded anything that the Earth has experienced for millions of years, and the growth rate has been unprecedented. But such long-term views are sometimes hard to grasp. What is the timescale relevant for society today? Perhaps it is more instructive to consider just the period over which civilization has developed, from the time when the first cities were established around 6000 years ago. If ...

For sev eral decades the stated Holy Grail of chemical, biological and biophysical research into neocortical information processing has been to reduce such neocortical phenomena into specific bottom-up molecular and smaller-scale processes. Over the past three decades, with regard to short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) phenomena, which themselves are likely components of other ph...

The historical period called the Middle Ages, a long interval between the 5th and the 15th centuries, is still commonly known as the Dark Ages, especially in the area of health sciences. In the last decades, this "classic" view of the Middle Ages has been gradually modified with advances in historiographical studies and the history of science. During that period in Western Europe, knowledge abo...

Infectious and tropical diseases have been a problem for British expeditionary forces ever since the Crusades. Outbreaks were especially common on Navy ships from the 16th to 18th centuries due to poor living conditions and travel to the tropics. However, since these occurred in small, isolated and controlled environments it meant that naval medical practitioners were able to keep detailed reco...

As a general rule, this exploration is inspired by the peculiarity of digitization and digitalization presence virtual world that gives another variety to social reality. Then, researcher looked at online journalism activity, whose movement massive in cyber world. Specifically, reseach driven construction patriarchal system creates gender inequality. For situation, act news-casting computerized...

Background . Barley grain is unique raw material of versatile uses. More than 60% the produced In Volga-Vyatka region goes directly to fodder production purposes. One urgent tasks develop high-yielding cultivars with good quality, thus reducing protein deficiency in farm animal feeds and meeting need for that increases every year. Its successful solution requires a search new high-protein sourc...