BACKGROUND Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) case identification is challenging in older children since laboratory markers of congenital rubella virus (RUBV) infection do not persist beyond age 12 months. METHODS We enrolled children with CRS born between 1998 and 2003 and compared their immune responses to RUBV with those of their mothers and a group of similarly aged children without CRS. D...

After an introduction to Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP) as framework for computational analogy-making, and a compact primer on parametrized complexity theory, we provide a complexity analysis of the key mechanisms underlying HDTP, together with a short discussion of and reflection on the obtained results. Amongst others, we show that restricted higher-order antiunification as current...

Given a graph G and integers b and w. The black-and-white coloring problem asks if there exist disjoint sets of vertices B and W with |B| = b and |W| = w such that no vertex in B is adjacent to any vertex inW. In this paper we show that the problem is polynomial when restricted to cographs, distance-hereditary graphs, interval graphs and strongly chordal graphs. We show that the problem is NP-c...

PURPOSE Asthma exacerbation from human rhinovirus (HRV) infection is associated with deficient antiviral interferon (IFN) secretion. Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), an inflammatory upper airway disease, is closely linked to asthma, IFN-β responses to HRV infections in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from CRS patients remain to be studied. We evaluated inflammatory and antiviral resp...

The innate immune system and its complex interplay with the adaptive immune system are increasingly being recognized as important factors in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Adaptive immune components, including resident and inflammatory cells, and their associated mediators, have been the subject of most research in CRS. For this reason, theories of CRS pathogenesis have invol...

Chile was the first country in the Americas to conduct surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) as part of screening for common causes of congenital birth defects (referred to as TORCH pathogens). The surveillance system identified 15 CRS cases in 1999 and 2 cases in 2000, and it has identified no CRS cases since 2000. CRS surveillance in Chile meets recommended surveillance standards...

Results The prevalence of ARS is significantly related to AR, a doctor’s diagnosis of CRS, urticaria, eczema, smoking, gender, ethnicity and age. The prevalence of CRS is significantly related to AR, a doctor’s diagnosis of CRS, urticaria, adverse response to painkiller, smoking, ethnicity, asthma and age. The prevalence of AR is significantly related to a doctor’s diagnosis of CRS, urticaria, ...

2009;22(3) S Afr J Clin Nutr a Steyn NP, MPH, PhD a Parker W, PhD b Lambert EV, PhD a Mchiza Z, PhD a Knowledge Systems, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town b Sports Science Institute, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town Correspondence to: Dr NP Steyn, e-mail: [email protected]

Fixed-parameter intractability of optimization problems in NP is studied based on computational models with limited nondeterminism. Strong evidence is provided that many NP optimization problems are not fixed-parameter tractable and that the fixed-parameter intractability hierarchy (the W -hierarchy) does not collapse.