Crowd simulation is used for evacuation and crowd safety inspections, study of performance in crowd systems and animations. Cellular automata has been extensively used in modelling the crowd. In regular cellular automata models, each pedestrian occupies a single cell with the size of a pedestrian body. Since the space is divided into relatively large cells, the movements of pedestrians look lik...

Crowds of non-­‐player characters are increasingly common in contemporary video games. It is often the case that individual models are re-­‐used, lowering visual variety in the crowd and potentially affecting realism and believability. This paper explores a number of approaches to increase visual diversity in large game crowds, and discusses a procedural solution for generating diverse non-­‐pl...

Over the last decade there has been a large amount of work towards trying to simulate crowds for different applications, such as movies, video games, training, and evacuations. This course focuses on heterogeneous crowd simulation for interactive applications and will describe state of the art methods to simulate large groups of agents exhibiting a variety of behaviors, appearances and animatio...

This paper presents a critical overview on the modeling of crowds and swarms and focuses on a modeling strategy based on the attempt to retain the complexity characteristics of systems under consideration viewed as an assembly of living entities characterized by the ability of expressing heterogeneously distributed strategies.

Studies related to crowds of pedestrians, both those of theoretical nature and application oriented ones, have generally focused on either the analysis or the synthesis of the phenomena related to the interplay between individual pedestrians, each characterised by goals, preferences and potentially relevant relationships with others, and the environment in which they are situated. The cases in ...

We present a pattern-based approach for simulating the steering behavior of pedestrians, which aims to imitate the way that real pedestrians perceive spatial-temporal information and make steering decisions in daily-life situations. Novel representations of spatial-temporal patterns are proposed that allow modelers to intuitively and naturally specify some prototypical patterns for various stee...

In this paper, we present a contribution to time and space management in reactive simulations, especially for crowd simulation in an urban or closed environment. We are not interested in mere individual scheduling, but rather in the link between global rythm issues and individual behavior. Our aim is to simulate real moving behaviours in constrained environments, taking into account the link be...

For many applications, exploring empty virtual cities is not sufficient: streets and squares need to be populated by crowds of virtual humans. This position paper addresses the problem of generating such crowds when the scale of the city prevents the use of standard simulation methods. We first present the concept of crowd patches and review their advantages and drawbacks for animating large cr...

Traditional crowd simulators are based on a simple numerical analysis of inputs such as the positions of people and structures; they do not consider leadership. Since leaders (in terms of evacuations) are present in many real-world situations, the validity of evacuation simulations can be increased through their introduction. We assess the results of a real-world evacuation experiment to develo...

With the increased use of crowd simulation in animation, specification of crowd motion can be very time consuming, requiring a lot of user input. To alleviate this cost, we wish to allow a user to interactively manipulate the many degrees of freedom in a crowd, whilst accounting for the limitation of low-dimensional signals from standard input devices. In this thesis we present two approaches f...