We provide a new perspective on the impact of unauthorized copying and copy levies on artistic creation. Our analysis emphasizes three important aspects of artistic markets: the predominance of superstars, the dynamics of talent sorting, and the importance of promotion expenditures. In the short run, piracy reduces superstars’ earnings and market share, and increases the number of niche and you...

Web technologies have enabled data sharing between sources but also simplified copying (and often publishing without proper attribution). The copying relationships can be complex: some sources copy from multiple sources on different subsets of data; some co-copy from the same source, and some transitively copy from another. Understanding such copying relationships is desirable both for business...

There are many grey areas in the interpretation of academic integrity course on Introduction to Programming, commonly known as CS1. Copying, for example, is a method learning, cheating and reuse professional practice. Many institutions India publish code lab manual. The students expected practice programs manual write them final examination without looking at reference code. apportion some mark...

The notion of term graph rewrite system (TGRS) is extended with a lazy copying mechanism. By analyzing this mechanism, a connu-ence result is obtained for these so-called copy term graph rewrite systems (C-TGRS). Some ideas on the use of lazy copying in practice are presented .

We address the process of copying in Artificial Life organisms. Copying is a source of mutations, a crucial component in evolution. We propose that rich copying mechanisms, and thereby rich evolutionary systems, can be obtained by embodying the copying process in a lower-level simulation. We demonstrate an embodied copying process that has the potential to alter its own mutation rate, without h...

We tested a hypothesis originating with Darwin that bees outside the nest exhibit social learning in flower choices. Naive bumblebees, Bombus impatiens, were allowed to observe trained bees or artificial bees forage from orange or green flowers. Subsequently, observers of bees on green flowers landed more often on green flowers than non-observing controls or observers of models on orange flower...

We introduce a new replication-based copying garbage collection technique. We have implemented one simple variation of this method to provide incremental garbage collection on stock hardware with no special operating system or virtual memory support. The performance of the prototype implementation is excellent: major garbage collection pauses are completely eliminated with only a slight increas...

We formally and empirically examine the phonological relation immediate precedence, its properties, and further relations that can be derived from it. When each occurrence of a phonological segment in a nonlinear multiprecedence structure is reconcatenated into a linear sequence of copies, reduplication results (Raimy 2000a). A number of consequences arise in the representation of affixes, in m...