Dichlorvos (DDVP) causes neurotoxicity primarily by inhibiting cholinesterase (ChE) which is the characteristic feature of organophosphate pesticides. In this study, we found for the first time that DDVP shows differential inhibition of ChE (acetylcholinesterase+butyrylcholinesterase) in various rat brain regions. A single dose of DDVP (1/3 LD(50)) after 16 h of treatment elicited ChE inhibitio...

The electroretinogram (ERG) is composed of slow (i.e., a-, b-waves) and fast (i.e., oscillatory potentials: OPs) components. OPs have been shown to be preferably affected in some diseases (such as diabetic retinopathy), while the a- and b-waves remain relatively intact. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of OPs to the building of the ERG and to examine whether a signal ...

Background: The cryopreservation of human oocyte would make significant contribution to fertility treatments. It could also provide on alternative to embryo preservation for avoidance ethical problems. Embryo cryopreservation is now a successful procedure, but oocyte cryopreservation has poorer results. Materials and Methods: For retrieval of oocyte NMRI mouse were used. after administration of...

Background: Pain scores are used for acute pain management. The assessment of pain by the patient as well as the caregiver can be influenced by a variety of factors. The numeric rating scale (NRS) is widely used due to its easy application. The NRS requires abstract thinking by a patient to assign a score to correctly reflect analgesic needs, and its interpretation is subject to bias. Objective...

Chenopodium album is a weedy annual plant in the genus Chenopodium. C. album pollen represents a predominant allergen source in Iran. The main C. album pollen allergens have been described as Che a 1, Che a 2, and Che a 3. The aim of this work was to clone the Che a 1 in Escherichia coli to establish a system for overproduction of the recombinant Che a 1 (rChe a 1). In order to clone this aller...

BACKGROUND Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) may sometimes lead to deformities in the remaining breast. Oncoplastic surgery (OPS) aims to improve our aesthetic results even in the case of major volume resections. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective evaluation of our initial experience with OPS, mainly based on the levels of satisfaction reported by both patients and surgeons. P...

Using focal stimuli, we successfully recorded oscillatory potentials (OPs) in electroretinograms of the macular regions of 72 normal volunteers. The OPs consisted of three to four wavelets with a mean peak interval of approximately 6.5 msec, consistent with that recorded with conventional full-field stimuli over the entire retina. The changes of amplitude in response to the spot sizes and ring ...

BACKGROUND Pain scores are used for acute pain management. The assessment of pain by the patient as well as the caregiver can be influenced by a variety of factors. The numeric rating scale (NRS) is widely used due to its easy application. The NRS requires abstract thinking by a patient to assign a score to correctly reflect analgesic needs, and its interpretation is subject to bias. OBJECTIV...

BACKGROUND Itching is a leading symptom of chronic hand eczema (CHE) having a great impact on patients. The determinants of itching in CHE are unclear. OBJECTIVE We performed a cross-sectional analysis investigating factors associated with the presence and severity of itch in CHE patients from the CARPE registry. METHODS We present baseline data on itch in relationship with sociodemographic...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of experimental glaucoma in macaque monkeys on oscillatory potentials (OPs) in the slow-sequence multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). METHODS Photopic slow-sequence mfERGs were recorded from anesthetized adult macaque monkeys and normal human subjects. The stimulus consisted of 103 equal-sized hexagons within 17 degrees of the fovea. The m-sequence was slowed,...