The demand-side DC electricity-using equipment and newly integrated renewables are driving the transformation of power distribution utilization mode. building system based on technology is emerging as a promising option. In low-voltage (LVDCBDUS), global energy optimization management operational control arrangement key components. To obtain exemplary achievements those, two different (DC BEMS)...

• The network is highly centralized by Generalist media from English-speaking countries blogs less centralized, shaped thematic groups on specialized hubs model acts as echo chambers amplifying the attention of publications This study aims to explore connections between news and based co-mention research papers. approach attempts generate several graphs that show structural topology media, stre...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Green supply chain management has received increasing attention as consumers have become more environmentally conscious. Manufacturers are making green investments to meet consumers’ demands, while retailers in different markets often engage cooperative promotion attract consumers. This study develops game theoretic models for investigating two cross-market firms with channel structures, i.e., ...

Researchers in the field of adaptive behavior are quite familiar with the idea of higher-order complex global patterns emerging from the lower-level simple local interactions of components in a distributed system. Our artificial ants form colonies and self-organized foraging expeditions; our robots and simulated birds flock and cooperate on tasks; our genetic algorithm populations form species ...

Centralized markets reduce the costs of search for buyers and sellers. Their ‘thickness’ increases the chance of order execution at competitive prices. In spite of the incentives to consolidate, some markets, securities markets and online advertising being the most notable, are fragmented into multiple trading venues. We argue that fragmentation is an inevitable feature of any centralized marke...

Owing to the comprehensive building redevelopment programmes in Hong Kong, there is a huge volume of concrete waste generated that will soon exhaust all the available landfill areas. As such, recycled aggregate is advocated. However, the use of recycled aggregate has been confined to lower-grade applications until now, such as the lower layers of a pavement structures, e.g. capping and sub-base...

We address the value of information (VOI) and value of centralized control (VCC) in the context of a two–echelon, serial supply chain with one retailer and one supplier that provides a single perishable product to consumers. Our analysis is relevant for managing slow moving perishable products with fixed lot sizes and expiration dates of a week or less. We evaluate two supply chain structures. ...

While many large infrastructure networks, such as power, water, and natural gas systems, have similar physical properties governing flows, these systems tend to have distinctly different sizes and topological structures. This paper seeks to understand how these different size-scales and topological features can emerge from relatively simple design principles. Specifically, we seek to describe t...

Top-down and centralized approaches prevail in the design and improvement of business processes. However, centralized structures pose difficulties for organizations in adapting to a rapidly changing business environment. Here we present the Plural method which can be used to guide organizations in performing process modeling in a decentralized way. Instead of a centralized group of people under...