Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss. Although the underlying cause of the disease remains unclear, a variety of pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. Despite promising preclinical studies showing the modification of the disease progression, most trials have failed to demonstrate any significant improvement in outc...

In this study, the interaction between cells and micron-sized paramagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) particles was investigated by characterizing MPIO in their original state, and after cellular uptake in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, MPIO in the olfactory bulb were studied 9 months after injection. Using various imaging techniques, cell-MPIO interactions were investigated with increasing spatial...

We tested the hypothesis that information is routed from one area of the auditory cortex (AC) to another via the dorsal division of the medial geniculate body (MGBd) by analyzing the degree of reciprocal connectivity between the auditory thalamus and cortex. Biotinylated dextran amine injected into the primary AC (AI) or anterior auditory field (AAF) of mice produced large, "driver-type" termin...

lactobacilli, like the other gut commensal bacteria, are well known for their use in poultry nutrition and for their probiotic properties. however, little is known about their interaction with the gastro-intestinal tract when administered in vivo. to specifically monitor the passage of lactobacilli after administered in hatchery, lactobacillus plantarum was transformed with the recombinant vect...

PURPOSE To elucidate the Chinese practice of intraocular antibiotics administration for prophylaxis after open globe injury. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed online by scanning a Quickmark (QR) code with smartphones at the 20th Chinese National Conference of Ocular Trauma in November 2014. RESULTS A total of 153 (30.6%) of all participators at the conference resp...

BACKGROUND Injection drug use has been the major route of HIV transmission over the past several years in some countries. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic and demographic factors, as well as the risk behavior data in HIV-positive patients referred to a private clinic in Tehran. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 2005 based on documents of 150 HIV-infected patien...

0 Abstract Advances in microbiology demonstrate the need for manipulating individual biological cells, such as for cell injection which includes pronuclei injection and intracytoplasmic injection. Conventionally, cell injection has been conducted manually, however, long training, disappointingly low success rates from poor reproducibility in manual operations, and contamination all call for the...

Here, we report the construction of a vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) using nucleic acid vaccination technology. A fragment of the major capsid protein encoding gene from an LCDV isolated from China (LCDV-cn) was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N2, yielding a recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV-cn0.6 kb. This plasmid was immediately expressed after liposomal tr...

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved as a group of microorganisms endowed with weapons to hijack many biological processes of eukaryotic cells. This review discusses how these pathogens perturb diverse host cell functions, such as cytoskeleton dynamics and organelle vesicular trafficking. Alteration of the cytoskeleton is discussed in the context of the bacterial entry process (invasi...

BACKGROUND Street-involved youth are a population at risk of adopting injection as a route of administration, and preventing the transition to injection drug use among street youth represents a public health priority. In order to inform epidemiological research and prevention efforts, we conducted a qualitative study to investigate the initiation of injection drug use among street-involved yout...