A new enantioselective synthetic method for α-halo-α-alkylmalonates is reported. α-Alkylation of diphenylmethyl tert-butyl α-halomalonates under phase-transfer catalytic conditions (solid KOH, toluene, -40 °C) in the presence of (S,S)-3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-NAS bromide (5 mol%) afforded diphenylmethyl tert-butyl α-halo-α-alkylmalonates in very high chemical yields (up to 99%) and optical yields ...

Butyl lactate is a green solvent produced from renewable materials through the reaction of ammonium with n-butanol. It could be source material for valuable products such as propylene glycol, acrylic acid, its derivatives, and cyclic monomer polylactic acid (PLA)—lactate. In this study, we present novel non-catalytic interactions n-butanol carried out in temperature range 130–170 °C closed syst...

A series of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (1a-g) were prepared from three compounds condensation reaction of ethylacetoacetate, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium hydroxide. A new series of compounds (2a-g) were prepared from compounds (1a-g) via reaction with thiosemicarbazide using the condensation method. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemen...

A procedure is described for linking nucleosides covalently to controlled pore glass or cross-linked polystyrene supports by means of an oxalyl anchor. Though stable to triethylamine and diisopropylamine, the nucleoside-oxalyl link can be cleaved within a few minutes at room temperature with ammonium hydroxide in methanol. This new anchor can be used in automated synthesis of conventional oligo...

The calix[4]arene niobium(III) complex ([L]Nb-N=N-Nb[L] where [L] = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene), reported to bind N(2) in a μ(2)-linear dimeric capacity and to activate the N(2) triple bond to 1.39 Å, corresponding to the longest N(2) bond known in the end-on coordination mode, was subjected to a computational investigation involving both density functional and wavefunction based methods to esta...

The inorganic nitrogenous amendments calcium cyanamide (CC), ammonia water (AW), and a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate with lime (A+L) are popularly used as fumigants to control soil-borne disease in China. However, it is unclear which of these fumigants is more effective in controlling R. solanacearum. This present study compared the efficiencies of the three nitrogenous amendments listed abov...

Alkaline etching of crystalline using KOH (potassium hydroxide), TMAH (tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide), or EDP (ethylenediamene pyrocatecol) is performed for creating various feature definition in MEMS (micro electrical mechanical structures, solar cells, and integrated circuit manufacturing. KOH will be discussed in this section. The alkaline chemistries have the ability to preferentially etch...

Reversed-phase HPLC coupled to the atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray ionization (API-ESI) MS was used for microcystin-LR detection and quantitation in samples of dried Microcystis aeruginosa cells. An alkaline linear gradient (20 mmol/l ammonium hydroxide-acetonitrile, pH 9.7) was used for elution of the toxic peptides. Limit of detection was 1 microg/ml (20 ng per injection) in the ...

Germanium dioxide has many applications in the optoelectronics sector and is the subject of substantial research interest. In this contribution we report the preparation of germanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) of varied sizes and morphologies using a facile sol-gel methodology that requires no addition of templating agents (e.g., surfactants). Morphological control is achieved by tailoring the...

Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines 6a-c and 8a-c were prepared from the reaction of compounds 4a-c or 7a-c with methylamine or ammonium hydroxide solutions. Treatment of compounds 6a-c or 8a-c with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether afforded their corresponding acyclonucleosides 9a-c or 10a-c, respectively, as a new class of acyclonucleosides. All prepared compounds were tested as anti-inflammatory agents and s...