The effects of herbivores on landscape patterns and ecosystem processes have generally been inferred only from small-plot or exclosure experiments. However, it is important to directly determine the interactions between herbivores and landscape patterns, because herbivores range over large portions of the landscape to meet requirements for food and shelter. In two valleys on Isle Royale, Michig...

Users are usually interested in some specific domains while surfing the Internet. Based on such domain-preferential browse-behavior, the Domain-Top (DT) proxy prefetching method is proposed. DT uses the popular pages in the same popular domain to model users’ future demands. If there is a request for any one of the pages in the popular domain, the popular pages in the same domain are considered...

Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then inc...

Savannas first began to spread across Africa during the Miocene. A major hypothesis for explaining this vegetation change is the increase in C4 grasses, promoting fire. We investigated whether mammals could also have contributed to savanna expansion by using spinescence as a marker of mammal herbivory. Looking at the present distribution of 1,852 tree species, we established that spinescence is...

This paper proposes a distributed real-time video stream system for underwater fish observation in the real world. The system, based on a three-tier architecture, includes capture devices unit, stream processor unit, and display devices unit. It supports variety of capture source devices, such as HDV, DV, WebCam, TV Card, Capture Card, and video compression formats, such as WMV, FLV/SWF, MJPEG,...

We documented Moose, Alces alces, habitat characteristics relative to boreal forest succession in the Susitna River flood­ plain, Alaska. Early Shrub and Old Poplar (Populus balsamifera) Forest sites were most important to wintering Moose. Browse availability was the principal factor affecting winter habitat selection by Moose. Feltleaf Willow (Salix alaxensis) in Early Shrub was the principal ...