Breast cancer refers to several types of neoplasm arising from breast tissue, the most common being adenocarcinoma of the cells lining the terminal duct lobular unit. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women all around the globe, and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. However, the prognosis is good if detected early. The overall 5-year relative survival is 88% in ...

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway transmits signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and is one of the most dysregulated pathways in breast cancer. PI3Ks and AKTs consist of multiple isoforms that play distinct and even opposite roles in breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. However, it remains unknown how the activities of ...

Maintenance of normal breast epithelial cells depends on the balance between mitogen and tumor suppressor signaling pathways. One of the mechanisms responsible for the origin of phenotypic heterogeneity commonly observed in breast tumors is the development of centrosome amplification leading to mitotic spindle abnormalities and consequent chromosomal instability. However, how mitogen and tumor ...

Abstract Piezoelectric nanomaterials have the ability to control cancer cells from a distance. Chronic stimulation using ultrasound-driven piezoelectric nanoparticles can reduce cell growth by inducing cycle arrest. This method presents promising solution minimize undesirable effects. Numerous in vitro studies with various types of shown that chronic interferes multiple oncogenes, tumor suppres...

Infant feeding practices have a vital role to play in shaping the eating behaviour and overall health of individuals both childhood as well adulthood. A lesser-known advantage breastfeeding global obesogenic environment, is its self-regulation an infant’s appetite. Research demonstrates that children fed exclusively from breast (that is, they are never bottle fed) develop capacity for breastmil...

Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music"...

Long-term clinical adjuvant antihormone therapy for breast cancer has significantly improved survival of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients, but acquired resistance to antiestrogens is a major challenge in clinic. The evolution of acquired resistance to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) is unique because the growth of resistant tumors is dependent on SERMs. Thus...

Bone is one of the most common organs of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer cells that mimic osteoblasts by expressing bone matrix proteins and factors have a higher likelihood of metastasizing to bone. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteomimicry formation of cancer cells remain undefined. Herein, we identified a set of bone-related genes (BRGs) that are ectopically co-expressed in primary ...

Recent studies have indicated the clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in several malignant tumors including breast cancer. Although recent studies have focused on CD68-positive or CD163-positive TAM in breast cancer, no study has investigated the significance of CD204-positive TAM in breast cancer. We found that CD204 expression on macrophages was evaluated following sti...

Although a relationship between PDZK1 expression and estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulation has been suggested, the nature of such a connection and the function of PDZK1 in breast cancer remain unknown. Human tissue microarrays (cancer tissue: 262 cores; normal tissue: 87 cores) and breast cancer cell lines were used to conduct the study. We show that PDZK1 protein expression is tightly correlate...