Dobson JL. Effect of selected “desirable difficulty” learning strategies on the retention of physiology information. Adv Physiol Educ 35: 378–383, 2011; doi:10.1152/advan.00039.2011.—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interleaving and expanding retrieval on the retention of physiology concepts. Participants (n 189) read and then reread 30 immunology and reproductive physiol...

The ventral subiculum (vSUB), a hippocampal efferent target implicated in learning and stress coping, receives cholinergic input and sends glutamatergic output to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). This study examined the roles of vSUB muscarinic activation and its interaction with BNST N-methyl-D-aspartate and noradrenergic receptors in formation of aversive memory. Male Wistar ra...

Field studies show that the internal screens in a gross pollutant trap (GPT) are often clogged with organic matter, due to infrequent cleaning. The hydrodynamic performance of a GPT with fully blocked screens was comprehensively investigated under a typical range of onsite operating conditions. Using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), velocity profiles across three critical sections of the ...