The probability density on a height-meridional plane of negative refractive index squared f (n 2 k <0) is introduced as a new analysis tool to investigate the climatology of the propagation properties of stationary planetary waves based on NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data for 44 Northern Hemisphere boreal winters (1958–2002). This analysis 5 shows the control of the atmospheric state on planetary wav...

The South Atlantic anticyclone is a major feature of the austral winter climatology. An atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) is used to study the dynamics of the South Atlantic anticyclone by means of control simulations and experiments to investigate sensitivity to prescribed orography, sea surface temperatures and soil wetness. The South Atlantic anticyclone in the first control simula...

[1] A global high‐resolution (∼40 km) atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5 T319) is used to investigate the change of tropical cyclone frequency in the North Pacific under global warming. A time slice method is used in which sea surface temperature fields derived from a lower‐ resolution coupled model run under the 20C3M (in which historical greenhouse gases in 20th century were prescr...

Finding direct evidence for atmospheric circulation change in terrestrial records of Holocene climate variability remains a fundamental challenge. Here we present the first combined stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic palaeorecord from a peatland core in Newfoundland, Canada. Sphagnum cellulose samples were isolated from a core from Nordan’s Pond Bog, Newfoundland, and analysed for dD values. C...

The analysis of airborne laser scanner data to extract surface features is of great interest in photogrammetric research. Especially for applications based on airborne measurements, where the intensity is crucial (e.g. for segmentation, classification or visualization purposes), a normalization considering the beam divergence, the incidence angle and the atmospheric attenuation is required. Our...

Observations indicated that for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) there have been eastward displacements of the zonal wind stress anomalies and surface heat flux (short wave heat flux and latent heat flux) anomalies during El Niño episodes in the 1981-1995 regime relative to the earlier regime of 1961-1975 (without corresponding displacements during La Niña episodes). Our numerical experi...

The South Atlantic anticyclone is a major feature of the austral winter climatology. An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is used to study the dynamics of the South Atlantic anticyclone by means of control simulations and experiments to investigate sensitivity to prescribed orography, sea surface temperatures, and soil wetness. The South Atlantic anticyclone in the first control simu...

An analysis of atmospheric energy transport in 22 years (1980–2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is presented. In the analyzed budgets, there is a large cancellation between divergences of dry static and latent energy such that the total energy divergence is positive over all tropical oceanic regions except for the east Pacific cold tongue, consistent with previous studies. The west ...

Satellite multi-sensor data is used to derive sensible heat flux (SHF), Bowen ratio (Bo), and thus latent heat flux (LHF) in the tropical Pacific. The temperature differences at the air–sea interface are determined empirically for regions where strong deep air convection is present due to the buoyancy force. The vertical airflow results in surface wind divergence, which is estimated from scatte...