Three types of dense fibrous connective tissue are described: articular cartilage; tendon; and ligament; and the characteristics of each are related to its function. Articular cartilage is the smooth covering over the surface of bone at joints, and is comprised of up to 80 percent water. This smooth covering serves to decrease the friction between the surfaces in synovial joints, and it serves ...

MANY STRENGTH AND CONditioning professionals design and implement resistance-training programs that involve both free weights and weight machines. These programs are often designed in an attempt to improve strength, power, and ultimately athletic performance. The benefits of both modalities of resistance training are often discussed by athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and sport scientists....

OBJECTIVE To present recommendations for the prevention, education, and management of skin infections in athletes. BACKGROUND Trauma, environmental factors, and infectious agents act together to continually attack the integrity of the skin. Close quarters combined with general poor hygiene practices make athletes particularly vulnerable to contracting skin diseases. An understanding of basic ...

Vegetarian diets are associated with several health benefits, but whether a vegetarian or vegan diet is beneficial for athletic performance has not yet been defined. Based on the evidence in the literature that diets high in unrefined plant foods are associated with beneficial effects on overall health, lifespan, immune function, and cardiovascular health, such diets likely would promote improv...

Objective. Many organization theories suggest that divergent goals can hamper an organization’s pursuit of its primary mission. This study analyzes the effect of the pursuit of divergent goals on American public schools. Methods. Using an educational production function, this paper assesses the relationships between athletic budgets and various aggregate measures of academic performance. Result...

Abstract Time demands are among the primary challenges for college student-athletes. They have to attend classes and study halls as well athletic-related activities such training competition. Both academic athletic tasks require tremendous amount of time. Thus, it is argued that academics athletics compete student-athletes’ attention. This research examined impact factors on time use in using a...

The issue of athletic participation after hip and knee arthroplasty has become more relevant in recent years, with an increase in the number of young and active patients receiving joint replacements. This article reviews patient-, surgery-, implant-, and sports-related factors, and discusses currently available guidelines that should be considered by the physician when counseling patients regar...

Because athletes and the staff of athletic programs can be exposed to blood during athletic activity, they have a very small risk of becoming infected with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus. This statement, which updates a previous position statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, (1) discusses sports participation for athletes infected with these pat...

BACKGROUND Protective athletic mouthguards (PAMs) have been worn in competitive sports for more than 100 years. Today, participants in contact and noncontact sports wear PAMs. HYPOTHESIS Wearing a PAM produces oral injury. STUDY TYPE Case series. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-two Division I football players voluntarily participated in the study. Before the beginning of the season, each p...

The IGF-1 in colostrum increases uptake of blood glucose and facilitates the transport of glucose to the muscles, which keeps energy levels up. Together with growth hormones, IGF-1 also slows the rate of protein breakdown (catabolism) that occurs after a vigorous workout. It speeds up protein synthesis, which results in lean muscle mass without an increase in the amount of stored fat. Colostrum...