Neem, neem tree, Indian lilac, margosa, nimtree [English]; margousier, margosier, neem [French]; nim, margosa, lila india [Spanish]; amargosa [Portuguese]; Niembaum [German]; mimba [Indonesian]; mwarobaini [Kiswahili]; sầu đâu [Vietnamese]; عئاش مين [Arabic]; [Bengali]; [Burmese]; [Gujarati]; תידוה תכרדזא [Hebrew]; [Hindi]; インドセンダン [Japanese]; [Kannada]; [Marathi]; [Mayalayam]; [Nepalese]; [Pen...

debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in arabic literature for a long time. the literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parties of the debate who could be human, animal, plant, abstract concepts, natural and other elements. since this genre exists very strikingly and...

This paper describes a syllabification based conversion method for converting romanized Persian text to the traditional Arabic-based writing system. The system is implemented in Xerox XFST and relies on rule based conversion of words rather than using morphological analysis. The paper presents a brief evaluation of the accuracy of the transcriptions generated by the method.

In this study, a system for Iranian traditional music Dastgah classification is presented. Persian music is based upon a set of seven major Dastgahs. The Dastgah in Persian music is similar to western musical scales and also Maqams in Turkish and Arabic music. Fuzzy logic type 2 as the basic part of our system has been used for modeling the uncertainty of tuning the scale steps of each Dastgah....

This paper describes a syllabification based conversion method for converting romanized Persian text to the traditional Arabic-based writing system. The system is implemented in Xerox XFST and relies on rule based conversion of words rather than using morphological analysis. The paper presents a brief evaluation of the accuracy of the transcriptions generated by the method.

Offline Arabic handwriting character recognition (AHCR) systems are very important since they make life easier for governments, researchers and scholars who are dealing with Arabic language in education, documentation and security. A widening use of the Arabic script in countries that deals with the Arabic language and countries that use the Arabic script in their languages such as Persian and ...

In this paper, several new universal preprocessing techniques are described to improve Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) compression of UTF-8 encoded natural language text. These methods essentially adjust the alphabet in some manner (for example, by expanding or reducing it) prior to the compression algorithm then being applied to the amended text. Firstly, a simple bigraphs (two-byte) subs...

The presence of a large number of unique shapes called ligatures in cursive languages, along with variations due to scaling, orientation and location provides one of the most challenging pattern recognition problems. Recognition of the large number of ligatures is often a complicated task in oriental languages such as Pashto, Urdu, Persian and Arabic. Research on cursive script recognition ofte...