Bacteria have evolved numerous defences against antimicrobial agent and drug resistance in pathogen is on rise. This is due to rapid development of multi-drug resistance, limited anti-bacterial spectrum and adverse effects of available anti-microbial agents. This necessitates the search for new antimicrobials with diverse structures and novel mechanism of action. Flowers are mostly used for orn...

Cotinus coggygria is a deciduous shrub of the family Anacardiaceae, widespread in Southern Europe, the Balkans, and Southwestern and Central Asia. Extracts from the leaves, twigs, wood, and inflorescences of the plant are used in the ethnomedicine of Eastern and Southeastern Europe and China as antidiarrhoetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-paradentosis1–3. It has been proven to contain a high amo...

The influenza virus subtype H5N1 has raised concerns of a possible human pandemic threat because of its high virulence and mutation rate. Although several approved anti-influenza drugs effectively target the neuraminidase, some strains have already acquired resistance to the currently available anti-influenza drugs. In this study, we present the synergistic application of extended explicit solv...

BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass from plant biomass, especially softwoods, are well-known to present difficulties during attempts at hydrolysis due to their rigid structure. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (ILs) is attractive as this requires to a low input of energy. However, IL pretreatment has the disadvantage of the presence of large amounts of water. Recently, ...

chiral pyrrolidines and pyrrolizidines with spirooxindole ring systems are the central skeletons for numerous alkaloids and pharmacologically important compounds. gelesmine, pseudotabersonine, formosanine, isoformosanine, morroniside and mitraphylline are some of the alkaloids containing spirooxindole ring systems. derivatives of spirooxindole find very wide biological applications as anti micr...

Nucleophilic displacements of 5(6)-anti-bromo substituents in 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (methanopyrrolidines) have been accomplished. These displacements have produced 5-anti-X-6-anti-Y-difunctionalized-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes containing bromo, fluoro, acetoxy, hydroxy, azido, imidazole, thiophenyl, and iodo substituents. Such displacements of anti-bromide ions require an amine nitrogen and...

INTRODUCTION Many drugs show bioavailability problems due to their low water solubility, slow dissolution rate, and instability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent, chemically is N-(4 nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl) methane sulfonamide. It is poorly soluble in water and irregularly absorbed by gastrointestinal tract. Among the v...

piroxicam (px), an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility, dissolution and flow properties. thus, the aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of px by freeze drying technique using dimethylformamide (dmf), chloroform and water as co-solvent system. the prepared crystals containing px were evaluated for dmf and chloroform solvent residual by ga...