X-ray diffraction studies on dispersions and oriented multilayers of dipalmitoyllecithin and different fluorescent probe molecules are reported. Analysis of the diffraction data provides the electron density profile for the different bilayers to 6- to 8-Angstrom resolution. The location of the probe molecules in the bilayer structure and the perturbation of the lecithin bilayer produced by the ...

An original atmospheric correction algorithm, so-called multi-directionality and POLarization-based Atmospheric Correction (POLAC), is described. This algorithm is based on the characteristics of the multidirectional and polarimetric data of the satellite PARASOL (CNES). POLAC algorithm is used to assess the influence of the polarimetric information in the visible bands on the retrieval of the ...

Ultrafast nonthermal melting of femtosecond laser-irradiated germanium was observed directly for the first time using sub-picosecond, 1.54-angstrom x-ray diffraction. Such measurements allow the study of transient atomic motion fundamental to many processes in physics, chemistry, and biology.

We propose an algorithm to retrieve the global features of the spectral dependence of the ultraviolet (UV) irradiance from integrated, broadband UV measurements performed with a set of photodiodes with different UV filters. This fit, when applied to ground-based measurements and compared with the incident Solar spectral irradiance on the top of the atmosphere, may be used to extract the spectra...

For proteins, the mechanical properties of the folded state are directly related to function, which generally entails conformational motion. Through sub-Angstrom resolution measurements of the AC mechanical susceptibility of a globular protein we describe a new fundamental materials property of the folded state. For increasing amplitude of the forcing, there is a reversible transition from elas...

We illustrate how moderate resolution protein structures can be rapidly obtained by interlinking computational prediction methodologies with un- or partially assigned NMR data. To facilitate the application of our recently described method of ranking and subsequent refining alternative structural models using unassigned NMR data [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 15404] for such "structural...

The main goal of this paper is to review the theoretical models which can be used to describe the interactions between silica surfaces and to show that a model proposed earlier by the authors (the polarization model), which accounts concomitantly for double layer and hydration forces, can be adapted to explain recent experiments in this direction. When the water molecules near the interface wer...

AstroSat/UVIT carries two gratings in the FUV channel and a single grating NUV channel. These are useful for low resolution, slitless spectroscopy far near UV bands of variety cosmic sources such as hot stars, interacting binaries, active galactic nuclei, etc. We present calibration these using observations standards NGC40 HZ4. perform wavelength flux derive effective areas different orders. fi...