R. D. Sanders1,2,3*, C. Graham4, S. C. Lewis5, A. Bodenham6, M. J. Gough7 and C. Warlow8 on behalf of the GALA Trial Investigators 1 Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine and 2 Department of Leucocyte Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK 3 Magill Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK 4 Wellcome T...

Ischaemic preconditioning is a powerful innate adaptive phenomenon whereby brief periods of sublethal ischaemia result in marked tolerance to subsequent lethal ischaemia. Halogenated anaesthetics have been shown to mimic ischaemic preconditioning, modifying and attenuating ischaemia reperfusion injury. This review aims to present the current animal and human data, discuss the possible mechanism...

The transfer of procaine and lignocaine from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (c.si.) was studied in six patients and in twelve dogs. Local anaesthetics appeared very rapidly in the c.s.f. after intravenous administration. Within 20 minutes, a c.s.f./plasma ultrafiltrate ratio around 0.9 was reached. Para-aminobenzoic acid, a procaine metabolite, appeared in c.si. later than procaine. This is expla...

BACKGROUND Chondrotoxic effects of local anaesthetics are well reported in humans and some animal species but knowledge on their toxic effects on synoviocytes or equine chondrocytes or the effects on cellular production of inflammatory cytokines is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of local anaesthetics, morphine, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) or their combina...

BACKGROUND Myocardial potassium channels are complexes formed by different subunits. The subunit composition may influence the cardiotoxic action of local anaesthetics. The effects of amide local anaesthetics on HERG channels co-expressed with the putative subunit MiRP1 have not been established. It is also unclear if the common polymorphism MiRP1(T8A) that predisposes individuals to drug-induc...