Klyuchevskoy volcano, in Kamchatka’s subduction zone, is one of the most active arc volcanoes in the world and contains some of the highest dO values for olivines and basalts. We present an oxygen isotope and melt inclusion study of olivine phenocrysts in conjunction with major and trace element analyses of Cand tephrochronologically-dated tephra layers and lavas spanning the eruptive history o...

The title of Larsen & Pedersen (2009) speaks to the tug that picrites have on the petrological conscience, extant at least since O’Hara (1968), but perhaps even before (Drever & Johnston, 1957), namely that all picrites represent great heat and high temperature. This idea today is rather entrenched. However, Clague et al. (1995) proposed that most picritic basalt from Kilauea volcano and offsho...

[1] The global-scale surface type 2 unit first identified with the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) remains enigmatic. Competing hypotheses suggest that it represents either basaltic andesite or some form of altered basalt rich in dioctahedral smectite clay minerals and/or spectrally similar amorphous silica phases. Common dioctahedral smectites contain a diagnostic feat...

We measured Ni partitioning between olivine and melt, D Ni , in experiments on mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) encapsulated in olivine at pressures from 1atm to 3·0 GPa and temperatures from 1400 to 15508C.We present a series of experiments where the temperature (T) at each pressure (P) was selected so that the liquid composition remained approximately constant over the entire P^T range.This appr...

Carbonates. The dominant aqueous deposits in ALH 84001 are carbonate minerals, which form ellipsoids, discs, and other space-filling shapes, Figure 1 [1,4,5,6 etc]. These deposits are chemically zoned, nearly continuously from calcitic and ankeritic cores to magnesite-siderite compositions ranging from nearly pure magnesite to ~Mg45Fe45Ca10 (Fig. 2); hydromagnesite is not reported. The carbonat...

We provide a test for recent arguments that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is underlain by an extensive outcrop of volcanic rock (mainly basalt) examining non-clay and clay mineral composition sediments collected in front under Ross Shelf. If proposed large volume were present, then we posit glacial erosion transport would deliver to Sea enriched minerals diagnostic alkaline basalt, namely...

Trees and their associated rhizosphere organisms play a major role in mineral weathering driving calcium fluxes from the continents to the oceans that ultimately control long-term atmospheric CO2 and climate through the geochemical carbon cycle. Photosynthate allocation to tree roots and their mycorrhizal fungi is hypothesized to fuel the active secretion of protons and organic chelators that e...

Mantle-derived xenoliths brought to the Earth’s Surface by basalts are important windows to understand composition, evolution and processes of the lithospheric mantle. The lithosphere of the southeastern China is dominated by peridotite or lherzolite [1, 2]. The spinel peridotite xenoliths studied are from Fangshan basalt, eastern China, which are composed of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxe...

Introduction: Sulfur is a major chemical component of the Martian surface materials and is thought to have a volcanic origin. Pathfinder and Viking chemical analyses revealed SO3 compositions of “soils” and dust from about 4 to over 7 wt. % [1,2]. Although we know that S is chemically important, we do not know its speciation. Small amounts of sulfates (e.g., Ca and Mg sulfates) and sulfides (e....

The third set of locks the Panama Canal is one most impressive civil infrastructures in world. Its construction, however, was delayed by two years incurring cost overruns billions that were mainly related to use local basalt as raw material for concrete production. rapid degradation during construction an apparent sound resulted huge loss fines manufacturing concrete. In rock, olivine and glass...