There is a consensus on the importance of rural roads when increasing economic growth and household welfare. However, little is known regarding the positive effect these roads will have on the welfare of households in Viet Nam. This paper aims to measure that effect. It is known that rural roads help households increase per capita income and working hours. The estimated impact of these roads on...

The rapid speed of the recent rise in obesity rates suggest environmental causes. There is therefore a need to determine which components of the environment may be contributing to this increase. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the associations between adiposity and the characteristics of areas around homes, schools and routes to school among 1995 9-10 year old boys and girls in Norfo...

Roads are pervasive features of modern landscapes and have major impacts on air, land, and water quality. The United States has >6.2 million km of public roads used by >200 million vehicles (National Research Council [NRC]1997). Road corridors (road plus maintained parallel strips) cover 1% of the United States (NRC 1997) but their direct environmental impacts extend to 20% of the land surface ...

Branch roads, which are densely distributed in cities, allow for the flow of local traffic and provide connections between the city and outlying areas. Branch roads are typically narrow, and two-way traffic flows on branch roads are thus affected when vehicles traveling in opposite directions meet. This study investigates the changes in the velocities of vehicles when they meet on two-way branc...

For the significance of road information to the city management, urban roads are subjects of great concern to be extracted from remotely sensed images. With the availability of high spatial resolution images from new generation commercial sensors, how to extract roads quickly, accurately and automatically has been a cutting-edge problem in remote sensing related fields. Present main approaches ...

We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 species groups. Overall, the number of documented negative effects of roads on animal abundance outnumbered the number of positive effects by a factor of 5; 114 responses were negative, 22 were positive, and 56 ...

This conference paper presents an accident study investigating where fatal alcoholand drugrelated accidents occur with respect to traffic environment (i.e., urban versus rural), road type, speed limit, annual average daily traffic flow, and road category. The study uses data from indepth studies of fatal accidents and from the Swedish National Road Database. Accident data from the 2006–2009 per...

Forest roads provide access to forest resources for conducting several forestry activities such as production, protection, afforestation, management, recreation and firefighting. Both drainage structures pavement should be completed serve safely a long time. This study aimed determine both cross-sections types of newly built roads, using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. ArcGIS Pr...

Efforts to mitigate road effects are now common in new highway construction projects. For effective mitigation of road effects it is important to identify the species whose populations are reduced by roads, so that mitigation efforts can be tailored to those species. We conducted a meta-analysis using data from 75 studies that quantified the relationship between roads and/or traffic and populat...

Road traffic accidents account for approximately 3000 deaths on a daily basis, and 50 million injuries and 1.2 million deaths each year. In low-income and middle income countries, road traffic accidents account for 85% of deaths and 90% of annual disability. Casualties of this magnitude are a serious problem throughout the world and create a significant impact on society. In addition, neurologi...