Most animals are faced with the challenge of securing food under the risk of predation. This frequently generates a trade-off whereby animals respond to predator cues with reduced movement to avoid predation at the direct cost of reduced foraging success. However, predators may also cause prey to be apprehensive in their foraging activities, which would generate an indirect 'apprehension cost'....

This study was conducted to examine whether newly enrolled 9th grade students were ready directly engage in the theoretical discursive process from perspective of Duval’s Cognitive Model. The sample comprised 51 newly-enrolled 9thgrade between ages 14 and 15, who had not received any prior geometry instruction. These posed two open-ended questions that would enable them make a transition percep...

the study was conducted with the aim of examining the rate of foreign language anxiety in male and female language learners. flcas (foreign language classroom anxiety scale) was administered to two groups of male and female learners. the mean scores of flcas indicated a significant difference with females having considerably higher levels of anxiety than males. from 38 female learners, 22 were ...

in expecting much from their joint labours. The work before us is divided into two portions, the first embracing the history, classification, statistics of insanity, is from the pen of Dr. Tuke; the remaining chapters, which treat of the diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of mental disorders, are by Dr. Bucknill. Our space will not allow us to do more than briefly refer to some of the more imp...

In recent decades, investigation on students’ communication apprehension has emerged after being abandoned. It is believed classroom interaction in oral competency consists of activities which mainly facilitate them to develop their skill. However, not all students have the same ability communication. This study aims investigate level and strategies used overcome. The Personal Report Communicat...

Oral presentation apprehension plagues people when they communicate orally, especially make oral presentations in public. This study examined the relationship between English proficiency, public speaking experience, and communication polytechnic students during presentations. The involved 62 from a Sarawak, Malaysia, who filled PRCA-24 questionnaire that focused on elements of speaking. results...

The purpose of the present study was to compare writing high achievers and low achievers TEFL (teaching English as foreign language) learners’ writing self-beliefs. Subjects, based on their officially recorded scores on the writing course, were assigned in two 22-member groups of high and low achievers. The adapted English version of Mills’ and Péron’s (2008) questionnaire and the Foreign Langu...