We consider a company selling heterogeneous products where the final price is set by negotiation between sales agents and customers. Negotiation is common in many industries including retail automotive sales, consumer lending, insurance and many business-to-business markets. We assume that each sales agent has a minimum reserve price that he/she will accept and each customer has a maximum willi...

This paper considers vertical restraints in the context of an intrabrand competition model in which a single manufacturer deals with two vertically differentiated retailers. We establish two main results. First, if the market cannot be vertically segmented, the manufacturer will foreclose the low quality retailer either directly by dealing exclusively with the high quality retailer, or indirect...

objective: the main objective of this research was the economic valuation of public library services using the contingent valuation. although, estimating the average willingness to pay for public library service, demographics on the willingness to pay, and economic valuation and pricing public library services were other objectives that investigated in this study. methodology: explanatory varia...

The protected coral reefs off the coast of Malaysia receive numerous tourists, while also being as fishing grounds. These joint environmental pressures raise the need for additional costly conservation measures. It is natural to consider the potential for expanding the 'user pays' principle, already implemented in the form of various user fees. This study explores the potential for price discri...

In this paper‎, ‎the impacts of premium bounds of put option contracts on the operation of put option and day-ahead electricity markets are studied‎. ‎To this end‎, ‎first a comprehensive equilibrium model for a joint put option and day-ahead markets is presented‎. ‎Interaction between put option and day-ahead markets‎, ‎uncertainty in fuel price, impact of premium bounds, and elasticity of con...

regarding the importance of natural resources in preserving natural ecosystem and human being survival, protecting these resources and preventing their demolition will be necessary. taleghan lake, alborz, is studied o determine the protective value and measuring the willingness of people. using the ahp approach, this study is different by using and non-using value of the lake. results from lagi...

Willingness to try (WTT) and willingness pay (WTP) for eggs produced from insect-fed hens the determinants of these behaviours were investigated in UK. Data a sample egg consumers (N=294) was collected using an online survey. Factors influencing WTT WTP evaluated binary logistic regression censored (Tobit) regression. Only 17% participants aware insects as potential animal feed. Most willing (7...

This paper aims to identify which Schwartz values and regulatory focus orientations influence consumer behavior on the food market in domain of preference for domestic products, is closely related ethnocentrism. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interviews) method was applied. sample consisting 1000 respondents representative Polish adult population terms sex, age, education, place living (rural ...

realizing that there is no specific market for organic products in iran, in this study it is tried to estimate the costs involved in organic productions by means of contingent valuation method and through willingness-to-pay estimation approach. towards this end 219 and 209 double-bounded dichotomous questionnaires were developed (for cucumber in tehran province and for vegetables in gilan provi...