We propose an ionic current model of bipolar cells based on the published experimental data. Five types of ionic currents identified in bipolar cell bodies, Ih, IKv, IA, ICa and IK(Ca) were described by a mathematical formulation similar to the Hodgkin and Huxley (Journal of Physiology, 117, 500-544, 1952) equations. The model parameters were estimated from the voltage clamp data. In simulation...

When physiological conditions are simulated, skate electroreceptors produce small maintained oscillatory currents. Larger damped oscillations of similar time-course are observed in voltage clamp. Subtraction of leakage in voltage clamp data shows that the oscillations involve no net outward current across the lumenal surface of the epithelium. The oscillations are much faster than the late outw...

We implemented a simple feedback system that modifies the conventional current clamp mode of a patch clamp amplifier so that transient potentials, such as action potentials and synaptic potentials, can be measured as in the usual current clamp, while the average membrane potential is kept constant at a value chosen by the user. The circuit thus works like the current clamp for high frequency si...

Accurate measurement of postsynaptic potential amplitudes is a central requirement for the quantification of synaptic strength, dynamics of short-term and long-term plasticity, and vesicle-release statistics. However, the intracellular voltage is a filtered version of the underlying synaptic signal and so a method of accounting for the distortion caused by overlapping postsynaptic potentials mu...

Commissural interneurons (CINs) help to coordinate left-right alternating bursting activity during fictive locomotion in the neonatal mouse spinal cord. Serotonin (5-HT) plays an active role in the induction of fictive locomotion in the isolated spinal cord, but the cellular targets and mechanisms of its actions are relatively unknown. We investigated the possible role of serotonin in modifying...

Richardson MJ, Silberberg G. Measurement and analysis of postsynaptic potentials using a novel voltage-deconvolution method. J Neurophysiol 99: 1020–1031, 2008. First published November 28, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00942.2007. Accurate measurement of postsynaptic potential amplitudes is a central requirement for the quantification of synaptic strength, dynamics of short-term and long-term plasticit...

A new zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge phase-shifted PWM converter with controlled output rectifier is presented in this paper. Zero-voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off for all power switches of the inverter is achieved for full load range from no-load to short circuit by using new secondary energy recovery clamp and modified PWM control strategy. Moreover by adding...

We present a simple and effective method for isolating the somatic Na(+) current recorded under voltage clamp from neurons in brain slices. The principle is to convert the axon from an active compartment capable of generating uncontrolled axonal spikes into a passive structure by selectively inactivating axonal Na(+) channels. Typically, whole-cell currents from intact neurons under somatic vol...

The patch clamp technique was first used by Neher and Sakmann (1976) to resolve currents through single acetylcholine-activated channels in cell-attached patches of membrane of frog skeletal muscle. The method they used (described by Neher, Sakmann & Steinbach, 1978) and subsequent refinements (Hamill, Marty, Neher, Sakmann & Sigworth, 1981) have led to techniques for high resolution recording ...

In this work, a non-isolated high step up DC-DC converter using coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell is proposed. The proposed converter conversion ratio is efficiently extended by using a coupled inductor. An interleaved configuration of two diode-capacitor cells is applied to step up the voltage conversion ratio and decrease the voltage stress across the switches. Also, in the suggest...