Abrupt transitions in style and intensity are common during volcanic eruptions, with an immediate impact on the surrounding territory and its population. Defining the factors trigger such sudden shifts in the eruptive behavior as well as developing methods to predict such changes during volcanic crises are crucial goals in volcanology. In our research, the combined investigation of both petrolo...

BACKGROUND Mount Etna, located in the eastern part of Sicily (Italy), is the highest and most active volcano in Europe. During the sustained eruption that occurred in October-November 2002 huge amounts of volcanic ash fell on a densely populated area south-east of Mount Etna in Catania province. The volcanic ash fall caused extensive damage to infrastructure utilities and distress in the expose...

[1] Nile River records indicate very low flow following the 1783–1784 Laki volcanic eruption, as well as after other high-latitude volcanic eruptions. As shown by climate model simulations of the Laki eruption, significant cooling ( 1 to 3 C) of the Northern Hemisphere land masses during the boreal summer of 1783 resulted in a strong dynamical effect of weakening the African and Indian monsoon ...

We present a polynomial chaos based minimum variance formulation to solve inverse problems. The utility of the proposed approach is evaluated by considering the ash transport problem arising due to volcanic eruption. Volcanic ash advisory centers generally makes use of mathematical models for column eruption and advection and diffusion of ash cloud in atmosphere. These models require input data...

[1] The largest explosive volcanic eruptions that have occurred on Earth generated giant ash clouds from rising plumes that spread in the stratosphere around a height of neutral buoyancy, with estimated supply rates that are in the range 10 to 10 m/s. These giant ash clouds are controlled by a balance between gravity and Coriolis forces, forming spinning bodies of nearly fixed proportions after...

Long-term hazard assessment, one of the bastions of risk-mitigation programs, is required for land-use planning and for developing emergency plans. To ensure quality and representative results, long-term volcanic hazard assessment requires several sequential steps to be completed, which include the compilation of geological and volcanological information, the characterisation of past eruptions,...

[1] We present measurements of the whole scattering matrix as a function of the scattering angle at a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the scattering angle range 3 –174 of randomly oriented particles taken from seven samples of volcanic ashes corresponding to four different volcanic eruptions: the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption, the 1989–1990 Redoubt eruption, and the 18 August and 17 September...

Volcanic eruptions can cause abrupt changes in surrounding environments, but detailed sediment records of such are rare. The very high accumulation rate Lake Wudalianchi, a volcanic-dammed freshwater lake northeastern China, provides an excellent opportunity for reconstructing volcanic-induced environmental change. Here we use multiple lipid biomarkers to reconstruct aquatic ecosystems, hydrolo...

NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Quaternary International resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was su...

Currently, little is known on how volcanic eruptions impact large-scale climate phenomena such as South American paleo-Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position and summer monsoon behavior. In this paper, an analysis of observations and model simulations is employed to assess the influence of large volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South America. This problem is first considere...