INTRODUCTION The use of metatarso-phalangeal joint arthroscopy in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans was first described in 1988. The technique produces good results. However, it can be difficult to enter a joint when it is deformed by degenerative disease. Sonography is a modern visualisation modality which can be used in orthopaedic surgery. AIM To describe a method of intraoperativ...

There are two laser welding mechanisms, keyhole mode and conduction mode. Keyhole welding is widely used because it produces welds with high aspect ratios and narrow heat affected zones. However keyhole welding can be unstable, as the keyhole oscillates and closes intermittently. This intermittent closure causes porosity due to gas entrapment. Conduction welding, on the other hand, is more stab...

It is well established that emissions and inefficiencies primarily arise from localised fuel rich regions, which do not undergo complete combustion. In order to achieve significant reductions in NOx soot, modern engines employ multiple injection flow rate profiling strategies. However, during the end of each event, needle restricts internal fuel, rapidly reducing inertia emerging spray. Atomisa...

Lime production is a highly carbon-intensive process for which new technology carbon dioxide capture needed, if it to meet zero-emission targets. Hydrogen peroxide an oxidant that decomposes exothermically oxygen and water. That is, can potentially be used as alternative air the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, thereby avoiding dilution product flue gas with nitrogen, otherwise present in combu...

Tributyltin (TBT) is a legacy pollutant in the aquatic environment, predominantly from its use in anti-foulant paints and is listed as a priority hazardous substance in the European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD). Measuring low concentrations of TBT and other organotins (e.g. monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), diphenyltin (DPhT) and triphenyltin (TPhT)) at sub ng/L concentrations in...

This digest gives areas of progress made in clinical and laboratory work relating to surgical disease. The digest is broken down into specialty areas so that you may wish to select only those of interest to your own practice. the first day a Symposium was held entitled "Shedding Light on Lasers". A review of this subject was published by Murray et al.1 Different types of laser are described and...

BACKGROUND Biofilm formation and deep infection of endoprostheses is a recurrent complication in implant surgery. Post-operative infections may be overcome by adjusting antimicrobial properties of the implant surface prior to implantation. In this work we described the development of an antimicrobial titanium/silver hard coating via the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. METHODS Coating...

OBJECTIVE To provide an overview on the current status of the long-term outcomes of instrumental treatment options for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms that are suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction. METHODS Based on MEDLINE database searches, we performed a systematic review of the literature with a focus on peer-reviewed articles about surgical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH...