iran, in the qājār period, underwent many changes in political, social, and administrative fields. this research tries to study the changes in one of the urban positions, i.e. the position of a village chief (kadkhudā), by means of examining its historical background as well as its duties and functions, since kadkhudā as one of the social high ranking officials in iran and a subdivision of the ...

Overweight could be a major factor in determining the increasing rates of coronary heart disease in the Indian population, by its influence on blood pressure, diabetes and insulin resistance. We studied the prevalence of overweight in north Indian urban and rural population samples. The urban sample population (n = 3050) was selected using a multistage sampling with stratification for geographi...

For many decades, aggregate data (pertaining to zones) were used to study urban dynamics, using summary methods that rarely permitted the study of urban phenomena at the spatial process level [CLI 81]. Given the scarcity of data and lack of technology capable of processing data to model the details of the process, urban studies’ research was still able to obtain conclusive results with regard t...

BACKGROUND Estimates of health problems of the elderly in developing countries are required from time to time to predict trends in disease burden and plan health care for the elderly. Developing countries have a poor track record of equitable distribution of health care. Marginalized groups living in urban slums and rural villages have poor penetration of health services. AIMS To identify the...

BACKGROUND Respiratory illness (RI) remains a public health problem in Laos, but little is known about the overall burden and people's healthcare-seeking behavior for RI. Understanding the burden of RI and community patterns of healthcare-seeking behavior would provide better guidance for Lao public health program and policy planners to improve RI public health practice, surveillance systems, a...

Over the past decade, land-based laser scanning technologies have been actively studied and implemented, in response to the need for detailed three-dimensional (3D) data about our rural and urban environment for topographic mapping, cadastral mapping, and other street-level features, which are difficult and time consuming to measure by other instruments. For rural areas in China, the complex te...

As described in the text, the data used in this paper stems from household surveys from 10 countries around the world, which were selected because they included questions on payments to local public good provision. Since each of the surveys is somewhat di¤erent in terms of sampling and questionnaire design, this section brie‡y describes each of these surveys one by one, including details on the...

In the pace of globalization, it is crucial that individuals have the knowledge and skills to effectively face the challenges and requirements of a “global village”. It is believed that cultural intelligence (CQ) explains why some individuals are more capable at navigating culturally diverse environments than others. Prior research has indicated that CQ role is highly significant in predicting ...

Background: In Solomon Islands, forests have provided people with ecological services while being affected by human use and protection. This study used a quantitative ethnobotanical analysis to explore the society–forest interaction and its transformation in Roviana, Solomon Islands. We compared local plant and land uses between a rural village and urbanized village. Special attention was paid ...