The discoidal/fusiform vesicles (DFV) of bladder umbrella cells undergo regulated exocytosis in response to stretch, but little is known about their biogenesis or the molecular machinery that modulates this process. We observed that Rab11a was expressed in umbrella cells (but not Rab11b or Rab25) and was associated with DFV. Using adenovirus-mediated delivery we transduced umbrella cells in sit...

obviously, learning environment plays a crucial role in how second language or a foreign language is learned. in this regard, the importance of interaction for l2 learning has been emphasized. the current study investigated teachers' interactional moves (im) and learners' uptake in efl classrooms systematically. to meet this end, four efl contexts of speaking and listening courses for...

obviously, learning environment plays a crucial role in how second language or a foreign language is learned. in this regard, the importance of interaction for l2 learning has been emphasized. the current study investigated teachers' interactional moves (im) and learners' uptake in efl classrooms systematically. to meet this end, four efl contexts of speaking and listening courses for english m...

Abstract: A fundamental problem encountered in statistics is that of testing the equality of scale parameters against umbrella alternative with at least one strict inequality. In this article, a nonparametric test based on U-statistic by considering the subsample minima and maxima for several sample scale problem against umbrella alternative, when peak of the umbrella is known, is proposed. The...

The photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of the methoxy radical Ã(A1) r X̃(2E) transition have been investigated using fast radical beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. The à state of both CH3O and CD3O is observed to predissociate via curve crossings with one or more repulsive electronic states. The photofragment yield spectrum consists of the C-O stretch progression and combin...

(Received December, 1988) The adaptive umbrella sampling technique, introduced recently to improve the probability ratio method and found to perform more reliably then the customary harmonic umbrella sampling, is tested and compared with other free energy methods. One of the tests applies the method to a transition involving a chemical change: calculation of the hydration free energy difference...

The relative free energias of hydration of dimethyl phosphate anion in gauchegauche, gauchetrans, and trans-trans conformations of phosphodiester torsion angles, computed with Monte Carlo method in the (T, V, N) ensemble at 25 OC, are reported. The free energy differences are determined by the probability ratio method using both umbrella sampling with harmonic weighting functions and adaptive u...

In a previous article we introduced a reaction coordinate based on the unstable normal mode at the saddle point of the potential energy surface. We here calculate the free-energy distribution along this coordinate for the isomerization of calix@4#arene in vacuo and in chloroform using umbrella sampling, with one umbrella covering the entire range of the reaction coordinate. An excellent first g...