This paper presents a methodology to optimize the cable system in cable-stayed bridges, whose main novelty is take into account accidental breakage of one within design process. To this end, multi-model optimization strategy proposed by establishing constraints on both intact and damaged models. The dynamic effect accounted for models application impact loads at tower deck anchorages. objective...

Ice shedding causes transmission lines to vibrate violently, which induces a sharp increase in the longitudinal unbalanced tension of lines, even resulting progressive collapse towers serious cases, is common ice-based disaster for tower-line systems. Based on actual engineering characteristics 500 kV line taken as research object, finite element model two-tower, three-line system established b...

a procedure is presented that synthesizes fractional crystallization separation processes to obtain pure solids from multi-component solutions. the method includes a procedure to generate a network flow model to identify alternative process designs for fractional crystallization. the main advantage of this systematic procedure with respect to other reported procedures is using non-equilibrium s...

According to the physical process of discharge development of insulator that is struck by lightning, the lightning flashover model for quadruple-circuit transmission line with dual voltage 220kV/110kV in same tower is established basing on EMTP. The actual evaluation index of lightning protection performance is adopted with the consideration of influence of system voltage. The characteristics o...

ghorban tower as an architectural monument is one of the outstanding resting- place of islamic era in hamadan city which has not been studied properly. previous studies on the tower concerning its architectural features or its historical background showed that the tower may be a place where a dignified religious man named khajeh hafez abol'ala hamadani berried inside in saljuk era and afte...

This paper discusses the process of optimizing truss structure step by from 2D to 3D space using finite element analysis. step-by-step optimization is carried out simplify analysis structures simple more complex cases. Optimization aims obtain minimum cross-sectional area and weight for each member. The stages in this study are starting a 2-dimensional (2D) with several two five members 3-dimen...