This paper summarizes the idea of Tiered-Latency DRAM, which was published in HPCA 2013 [37]. The key goal of TL-DRAM is to provide low DRAM latency at low cost, a critical problem in modern memory systems [55]. To this end, TL-DRAM introduces heterogeneity into the design of a DRAM subarray by segmenting the bitlines, thereby creating a low-latency, low-energy, low-capacity portion in the suba...

We study a Bayesian game of two-sided incomplete information in which an agent, who owns a project of unknown quality, considers proposing it to an evaluator, who has the choice of whether or not to accept it. There exist two distinct tiers of evaluation that di¤er in the bene…ts they deliver to the agent upon acceptance of a project. The agent has to select the tier to which the project is sub...

In recent years, rapid industrialization has driven higher energy demand, depleting fossil-fuel reserves and causing excessive emissions. China’s “dual carbon” strategy aims to balance development sustainability. This study optimizes microgrid efficiency with a tiered carbon-priced economy. A Stackelberg game establishes microgrid-user equilibrium, solved iteratively multi-population algorithm ...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are networks of autonomous nodes used for monitoring an environment. In designing WSNs, one of the main issues is limited energy source for each sensor node. Hence, offering ways to optimize energy consumption in WSNs which eventually increases the network lifetime is strongly felt. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is a novel stochastic population-based meta-...

A simple programmable Java platform-independent distributed computation system has been developed to exploit the free resources on computers linked together by a network. It is a multi-tiered distributed system model, which is unbounded in principal. The system consists of an n-ary tree of nodes where the internal nodes perform the scheduling and the leaves do the processing. The scheduler node...

Predicative analysis of recursion schema is a method to characterize complexity classes like the class FPTIME of polynomial time computable functions. This analysis comes from the works of Bellantoni and Cook, and Leivant by data tiering. Here, we refine predicative analysis by using a ramified Ackermann’s construction of a non-primitive recursive function. We obtain a hierarchy of functions wh...

from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

Museums have an untapped potential to engage students in hands-on learning. Here, we describe the development of a tiered museum-based program at the University of California, Berkeley as a model for engaging undergraduates in biodiversity science. This decade-long effort to increase student participation in collections demonstrates the mutual benefits of undergraduate involvement. Museums bene...