background: early puberty is a common worldwide problem. different parameters as genetics, metabolic diseases, obesity, as well as environmental factors may affect the age of puberty. this systematic review aims to survey the related literature on the effects of environmental pollutants and especially organohalogens and phthalates on early puberty. materials and methods: a systematic review of ...

background: during recent years, there have been many advances in different types of pharmacological and non‑pharmacological tobacco control treatments. in this study, we aimed to identify the most effective smoking cessation methods used in quit based upon a review of the literature. methods: we did a search of pubmed, limited to english publications from 2000 to 2012. two trained reviewers in...

background: we are living in an era in which different branches of science are growing very rapidly. therefore, retrieving and summarizing all new valid findings on a specific subject is one of the most important priorities of scientists. the aim of the present article is to categorize different review studies within the health domain based on their approach to retrieving and summarizing origin...

student organizations are active at social, political, cultural and welfare areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in those areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in that area too. their presence in university is necessary. this article describes their important functions. student organizations are active at social, political, cultural...

ABSTRACT Contourites are increasingly being recognized in ancient fine-grained depositional environments. However, detailed ichnologic analyses focusing on shallow-water examples of these deposits scarce. The Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Vaca Muerta Formation from Argentina constitutes an important unconventional reservoir that displays dm- to m-thick, laminated, rippled and bioturbated, cri...

purpose every sport has a unique profile of injury and risk of injury. in recent years, there have been numerous attempts at conducting injury prevention trials for specific injuries or for injuries within specific sports to provide evidence useful to the sports medicine and sport community. football has been a focus of a number of randomized injury prevention trials. methods medline was search...

objectives: bloating is a common and bothersome gastrointestinal symptom. despite its high prevalence, associated costs, and effects on the quality of life, very few studies have reported the epidemiology of bloating in iran. through this systematic review, findings and limitations of the current research will be discussed. methods: in march 2012, we searched pubmed, google scholar, scientific ...

background: to correct patient positioning errors (setup errors) during prostate cancer treatment using epid and fiducial gold markers, to improve the accuracy of the dose delivery in these patients. materials and methods: fifteen patients with localized prostate carcinoma after implantation of fiducial gold markers in their prostate gland underwent the five-field imrt planning technique. the p...

background. regarding the lack of comprehensive systematic review on the efficacy of water fluoridation and prevalence of dental fluorosis, the aim of the current research was to systematically study the prevalence of dental fluorosis at different levels of water fluoride in the world and lay emphasis on the amount of fluoride in drinking water. methods. studies were searched in pubmed, scopus,...