Abstract Analysing confined masonry (CM) with strengthening around the opening (analytical model) was conducted numerically. The variations were centric and eccentric doors an ratio of 16.93% 31.75%; windows ratios 10.16% 19.05%. This analysis aims to apply procedure for analysing CM models by using layered shell elements also comparing behaviour performance each model. frames modelled in SAP20...

The proposal lateral load pattern for pushover analysis is given in two forms for symmetric concrete buildings: 1-(X/H)0.5 for low-rise and mid-rise buildings, 2- Sin(ΠX/H) for high-rise buildings. These two forms give more realistic results as compared to conventional load patterns such as triangular and uniform load patterns. The assumed buildings of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 30 story concrete bui...

The direct modeling of masonry infill walls on many buildings, based damage recorded by various past earthquakes, has become increasingly necessary in order to identify the seismic behavior these elements, which constitute an important part reinforced concrete buildings. In this paper, several 3D models were analyzed nonlinear static (pushover) method, when ignoring, and considering, walls. fin...

The paper presents a numerical study for the seismic assessment of the St James Church in Christchurch, New Zealand affected by the recent 2011 earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. The structural behavior of the Church has been evaluated using the finite element modelling technique, in which the nonlinear behavior of masonry has been taken into account by proper constitutive assumptions. Two ...

In Pakistan, updated codes covering seismic provisions for reinforced concrete bridges do not exist. The majority of the bridge design uses different versions AASTHO-LRFD provisions. Response modification factors recommended usage in these are primarily derived from conditions and United States America. This research focuses on assessment three real multi-spans simply supported Pakistan having ...

The seismic design of bridge structure is influenced by the bi-directional excitation phenomenon. The bi-directional effects have been ignored in most of the past studies. The calculation of maximum isolator displacements (as per the equation prescribed by AASHTO) also ignores the bi-directional effects of ground motion. In the formulation, the coupled behaviour of the isolation systems has als...