Conical-scam implementations for three antenna types are discussed in terms of the beam nuiatioa method, reference signal generation and angle error demodulation Various applications for these antennas including their use in teaching are discussed. Inder Terms-..eoaical-sean, millimetre wave, antenna I. IN'RODUCiTON Tracking radars require a mechanism to determine the offset of a target from th...

ACCORDING to Ciuppers (1958), about 2 per cent. of the population of Germany, France, and Switzerland suffer from unilateral amblyopia; the proportion in Great Britain is likely to be very similar. Though amblyopia resulting from ocular deviation may arise where the fixation is central, the great importance of eccentric fixation in relation to amblyopia is now generally recognized and considera...

In this article, we discuss the potential of radio frequency (RF) lens for ultra-wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. terms beam squint, compare proposed RF antenna with phase shifter-based array hybrid beamforming. To reduce complexities fully digital beamforming, researchers have come up lens-based The use mmWave systems, however, causes an increase in bandwidth, which gives rise to squ...

As relative bandwidth increases, beam squint, i.e., frequency dependent directivity, limits the wideband performance of phase-shifter steered arrays. This effect is already notable in 5G systems operating at 28 GHz and above with 400/800 MHz bandwidths, especially if broadband cancellation needed between multiple beams. The squinting reduces signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio a multibeam s...