We have compared the efficacy of two Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines, one genetically attenuated (DHFR-TS deficient organisms), the other inactivated [autoclaved promastigotes (ALM) with bacillus Calmete-Guérin (BCG)], in protecting rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) against infection with virulent L. (L.) major. Positive antigen-specific recall proliferative response was observed in vacci...

Traditional culture of Leishmania parasites is labor-intensive and shows poor sensitivity. We evaluated microculture and novel miniculture methods for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Consecutive patients who came to the Leishmaniasis Clinic, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, were enrolled. Lesion aspirates were cultured in traditional tubes containing Novy-MacNeal-Nicol...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease characterized by immune suppression. Successful treatment is usually followed by immune reconstitution and a dermatosis called post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Recently, PKDL was described as one of the immune reconstitution syndromes (IRISs) in HIV/VL patients on HAART. This study aimed to present PKDL as a typical example of parado...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was observed in children in Bakool region, Somalia, an area where VL has not been reported before. We describe the extent of the problem in this war- and famine-stricken area. A retrospective analysis was done of all cases admitted to a VL treatment centre between July 2000 and August 2001. Patients with longstanding fever, splenomegaly and a positive direct agglutin...

An eco-epidemiological study was carried out in the region of the Alpujarras (southern Spain, Granada province). Nine villages were chosen at random in 5 bioclimatic zones. A study of leishmaniasis in the canine and human populations, was carried out concentrating especially upon schoolchildren. A total of 615 dogs were screened, which represents almost 100% of the canine census. Of the screene...

a subgroup $h$ is said to be $nc$-supplemented in a group $g$ if there exists a subgroup $kleq g$ such that $hklhd g$ and $hcap k$ is contained in $h_{g}$, the core of $h$ in $g$. we characterize the supersolubility of finite groups $g$ with that every maximal subgroup of the sylow subgroups is $nc$-supplemented in $g$.

stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (lolium...

effect of different co2 concentrations on sucrose metabolizing enzymes and on carbohydrate metabolism was studied for eight blackgram (vigna mungo l. hepper) genotypes grown in open top chambers under ambient (380 µmol mol-1) vs. elevated co2 (550 and 700 µmol mol-1) levels. the higher acid invertase activity over neutral invertase indicated the major role of acid invertase in sucrose breakdown...

the leaf nitrogen content is generally accepted as an indicator of food quality and as a factor affecting host selection by phytophagous insects. the alate pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum harris, aphididae) were given a choice among non-nodulated pea plants (pisum sativum l.) supplied with one of four nitrate-n levels (0, 3, 15 and 30 mm). when whole plants were exposed to aphids for 7 days, th...

background: recently, reports have indicated a role for the membrane form of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in asthma pathogenesis. in this study we examined soluble tlr2 levels in serum and sputum of asthmatic and healthy subjects. methods: serum and sputum samples were obtained from 33 asthmatic and 19 healthy subjects. the asthmatics were classified into four groups according to the global init...