BACKGROUND Patients with a smell disorder and less often, healthy people, exhibit an olfactory difference between the two sides of the nose. Higher olfactory thresholds are correlated with the obstructed side of a nasal septal deviation (NSD). With this prospective study we sought to investigate if a NSD compromises the olfactory identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with nasa...

If any sense modality represents, vision does, but argument is needed to show that smell does. This paper rebuts two reasons for doubting that smell represents, and offers several arguments that it does. The paper then considers several recent proposals as to exactly what a smell represents, and defends a version of the author's original proposal-that a smell represents a miasma in the air-agai...

BACKGROUND Wolfram Syndrome (WFS) is known to involve diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic nerve atrophy, vision loss, hearing impairment, motor abnormalities, and neurodegeneration, but has been less clearly linked to cognitive, sleep, and psychiatric abnormalities. We sought to determine whether these abnormalities are present in children, adolescents, and young adults with WFS compar...

abstract trademarks describe the goods or services that its owners are using sign to distinct their goods or services from competitor’s goods or services. these symptoms are so far mainly includes a range of traditional symptoms such as visual symptoms. but in the two past decades, smell trademarks also stepped into the sphere. smell trademarks are too strong indicator of origin. this feature i...

OBJECTIVE Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently complain of a diminished sense of smell. Less frequently, they may complain of taste impairment. In the present study, we investigated the symptoms, frequency, and severity of taste impairment as well as smell impairment in PD patients and compared the results with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS ...

Bright light therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on seasonal affective disorder (SAD), depression and anxiety. Smell has also has been shown to have effects on mood, stress, anxiety and depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of light and smell in a non-adaptive cycle. Human subjects were given smell (lemon, lavender or peppermint) a...

Taste and smell functions were measured in 18 unselected patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism, and in 15 of the 18 patients after treatment with thyroid hormones. Before treatment, 9 of the 18 patients (50 per cent) were aware of some alteration in their sense of taste, and 7 of the 18 patients (39 per cent) were aware of some alteration in their sense of smell. Distoritions of tase (...

Cognitive and olfactory deficits occur in schizophrenia, but little is known whether sex modifies these deficits. We examined the relationship between olfaction and cognition in 55 schizophrenia patients and 32 healthy controls. Patients and controls demonstrated significant differences performing cognitive tasks. In patients, sex modified all relationships of odor identification to cognition. ...