The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate different formulations of Diclofenac diethylammonium in microemulsion base with a view to enhance its permeability through the skin. Various o/w and w/o microemulsions of Diclofenac diethylammonium were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification methods. Isopropyl myristate was used as oil phase, Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate and Sor...

The problem of predicting the rate of percutaneous absorption of a drug is an important issue, particular with the increasing use of the skin as a means of moderating and controlling drug delivery. One key feature of this problem domain is that human skin permeability to penetrants (often characterised by Kp, the permeability coefficient) has been shown to be inherently non-linear when mathemat...

The effects of changes in Na concentration of the bathing solutions on some transport and permeability properties of the isolated frog skin have been examined. Rate coefficients for unidirectional Na movements across the two major barriers in the skin have been estimated as functions of Na concentration. The results indicate that the "apparent Na permeability" of the outer barrier of the skin d...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidermal permeability barrier function of skin during exposure to ionizing radiation. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital medical center. PATIENTS Fifteen women receiving local radiation therapy (5000-6000 rad [50-60 Gy]) following breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical symptoms and transepide...

The topical delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as Ibuprofen has been explored as a potential method of avoiding the first pass effects and the gastric irritation, which may occur when used orally. Ibuprofen is formulated into many topical preparations to reduce the adverse effects and simultaneously avoid the hepatic first-pass metabolism as well. However, it is dif...

Quantitative studies show a striking agreement between frog skin and plant tissues in respect to certain important aspects of permeability, antagonism, injury, recovery, and death.

BACKGROUND Celecoxib is a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor recommended orally to treat arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is a highly lipophilic, poorly soluble drug with oral bioavailability of around 40%. Long term oral administration of celecoxib causes serious gastrointestinal side effects. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to assess the skin permeation of celecoxib by a transdermally...

OBJECTIVE S Transdermal preparations for testosterone are becoming popular because of their unique advantages such as avoidance of first-pass effect, convenience, improved bioavailability, and reduction of systemic side effects. A novel testosterone transdermal delivery system (TDDS) was developed using a palm oil base called HAMIN™ (a commercial product) and tested using in vitro and in vivo s...

Psoriatic skin is characterized by microvascular hyperpermeability and angioproliferation, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. We report here that the hyperplastic epidermis of psoriatic skin expresses strikingly increased amounts of vascular permeability factor (VPF; vascular endothelial growth factor), a selective endothelial cell mitogen that enhances microvascular permeability. More...

conventional transdermal drug delivery systems (tdds) have been designed for drug delivery through the skin. these systems use the permeability property of stratum corneum, the outermost surface layer of the skin. applying polymeric micro and nanofibers in drug delivery has recently attracted great attention and the electrospinning technique is the preferred method for polymeric micro-nanofiber...