In tropical forests, trees compete not only with other trees, but also with lianas, which may limit tree growth and regeneration. Liana effects may depend on the availability of aboveand below-ground resources and differ between tree species. We conducted a shade house experiment to test the effect of light (4% and 35% full sun, using neutral-density screen) on the competitive interactions betw...

This study was carried out to evaluate drought stress tolerance in Thymus kotschyanus accessions using a factorial experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications during 2013-2014 in Qom, Iran. The first factor was the accession with 17 levels and the second factor was drought stress with three levels of irrigation including 80% (control), 60% and 40% Field Capacity...

this experiment was conducted, to study the effect of planting time and planting density on savory (satureja sahendica bornm.) in 2012 in alborz research station, research institute of forests and rangelands, karaj, iran. the experiment was carried out in split plot in time in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replicates. the main plots were planting times in two levels ...

Cultivation of crops in soils with high salt (NaCl) content can affect plant development. We examined the morphological and physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in tomato. The responses of 72 accessions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to salinity were compared by measuring shoot and root lengths, and fresh shoot and root weights relative to those of controls (plants grown in normal salt ...

Root architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. In this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an...

In apple, the first-order branch of a tree has a characteristic architecture constituting three shoot types: bourses (rosettes), bourse shoots, and vegetative shoots. Its overall architecture as well as that of each shoot thus determines the distribution of sources (leaves) and sinks (fruits) and could have an influence on the amount of sugar allocated to fruits. Knowledge of architecture, in p...

Life Satisfaction, Income and Personality We use personality traits to better understand the relationship between income and life satisfaction. Personality traits mediate the effect of income on life satisfaction. The effect of neuroticism, which measures sensitivity to threat and punishment, is strong in both the British Household Panel Survey and the German Socioeconomic Panel. Neuroticism in...

Teopod 2 (Tp2) is a semidominant mutation of maize that prolongs the expression of juvenile vegetative traits, increases the total number of leaves produced by the shoot, and transforms reproductive structures into vegetative ones. Here, we show that Tp2 prolongs the duration of vegetative growth without prolonging the overall duration of shoot growth. Mutant shoots produce leaves at the same r...

Clonal propagations of shoot or root fragments play pivotal roles in adaptation of clonal trees to environmental heterogeneity, i.e. soil nutrient heterogeneity and burials after disturbance. However, little is known about whether burial orientation and nutrient supply can alter the effects of fragment traits in Populus. Shoot and root fragments of Populus deltoides × P. simonii were subjected ...