the cmr convention governs the international transport of goods by road. one of the important and common issues in transport is the consignment note whose study of provisions and related issues is appropriate. this paper seeks to examine the legal nature, features, terms and legal effects of consignment note. according to the results of this research, consignment note is a commercial document w...

T his paper is an attempt investigating the relationship between sanctions implications and geographical shift in trading partners. To this end, we analyze separately foreign trade patterns of two countries namely Iran and Russia - which are under imposed sanctions experience - with two United Nations Regional Groups (The Asia-Pacific and the Western European groups)  using a gravity...

This paper considers a model of the provision of information about legal rules to parties when they have already committed acts to which the rules apply.’ The provision of advice about legal rules in these circumstances is, of course, one of the main tasks of lawyers in the setting of litigation. (Why individuals often obtain advice only after they have acted, not before, is discussed in our co...

The CAAA of 199(I will have a major impact on the transportation planning and project development processes and on the operation of the federal-air highway program. CAAA will substantially revise the federalair highway program in ozone and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas due to its provisions for sanctions, conformity, transportation/air quality planning, vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The c...

Although campaign reformers may believe otherwise, it is not only the money in campaigns that is problematic. Campaign speech can also threaten the integrity of the electoral process. It can be misleading, manipulative, offensive, defamatory, and, in the case of judicial campaigns, unethical. It can distort the issues, distract the voters from making informed decisions, inhibit voter turnout, a...

Table A1. Accountability Theory and Deterrence Theory Compared Element Deterrence Theory Accountability Theory Objective of theory Explains how to reduce antisocial behaviors. Explains how to reduce antisocial behaviors or increase prosocial behaviors. Central mechanism Sanctions. Self-image preservation and social desirability. External component Externally imposed sanctions. Person or organiz...

The IETF has developed and documented policies that govern the behavior of all IETF participants with respect to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) about which they might reasonably be aware. The IETF takes conformance to these IPR policies very seriously. However, there has been some ambiguity as to what the appropriate sanctions are for the violation of these policies, and how and by whom tho...

A national survey of front line police officers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding detection and processing of driving while impaired (DWI) charges, the criminal court proceedings, and DWI sanctions was conducted. A sample of 1545 officers representative o f all jurisdictions across the country, different types of services (i.e., national, provincial, municipal) and types of policing (i.e., t...