A case study of retrofitting a 20-story pre-Northridge steel moment-frame building is presented. Twelve retrofit 4 schemes are developed with varying degrees of intervention. Three retrofitting techniques are considered: up5 grading the brittle beam-to-column moment resisting connections, and implementing either conventional or 6 buckling-restrained brace elements within the existing moment-fra...

Wireless sensor networks enable the development of distributed sensing applications atop tiny "mote" computing platforms. As a result, collections of these motes can be placed in an environment in order to collect data unobtrusively. In this paper I present an investigation into the feasibility of retrofitting a vehicle with wireless sensor network motes. The potential benefits from intra-vehic...

An increase in the retrofitting of smart sensors for HVAC systems in commericial buildings requires improvements to knowledge and understanding of sensor placement strategies. This report investigates the requirements for sensor placement imposed by variations in building topology, room specifications, room usage and disturbances by examining data generated from real-world models. The purpose i...

A great challenge China’s power sector faces is to mitigate its carbon dioxide emissions while satisfying the ever-increasing power demand. Optimal planning of the power sector with consideration of carbon mitigation for a long-term future remains a complex task, involving many technical alternatives and an infinite number of possible plants installations, retrofitting, and decommissioning over...

In recent years, there are a lot of wooden houses that is needed seismic retrofitting. We have developed lattice bearing wall suitable for retrofitting tenement style house. It made 12mm structural plywood laid diagonally transparency and ventilation. this study, the performance clarified we proposed simple analysis model as result. was could accurately estimate wall.

Due to the serious power shortage in Taiwan, many simple cycle gas turbine generation sets (GENSETs) that were originally designated to serve as peak load units are forced to operate continuously during the entire summer season. The retrofitting projects have been seriously considered to convert these GENSETs (which have the advantage of fast startup, but suffer from low power output and therma...

Introduction Retrofitting our current building stock and urban infrastructure is a vital part of meeting emissions reductions targets, using energy and resources in a more efficient way and creating sustainable lifestyles. However, one of the key barriers identified is a lack of appropriate modelling and decision support tools to aid long-term planning for sustainable urban retrofitting. In thi...

Many existing reinforced concrete structures were constructed with substandard characteristics. Low quality concrete, poor transverse reinforcement details and insufficient flexural strength are among the most common deficiencies. While substandard structures are in need of retrofitting, particularly in seismic areas, problems such as high costs and disturbance to occupants are major obstacles ...

System cost reductions and development of standardised plug-and-function systems are some of the most important goals for solar heating technology development. Retrofitting hot water boilers in single-family houses when installing solar collectors has the potential to significantly reduce both material and installation costs. In this study, the TRNSYS simulation models of the retrofitting solar...

The first, and often largest, step toward internationalization of an interactive application is translation of its output messages, prompts, etc. into the desired language. This is typically done with a ‘‘message catalog’’: the program supplies a key of some kind, which is looked up in the catalog to yield the appropriate translation. While this basic approach is impossible to avoid (given the ...