This paper proposes an agent-based model which reproduces different structures of animal groups. The shape and structure of the group is the effect of simple interaction rules among individuals: each animal deploys itself depending on the position of a limited number of close group mates. The proposed model is shown to produce clustered formations, as well as lines and V-like formations. The ke...

Soils are particulate materials. Grain size determines the balance between particle-level forces (skeletal, weight, van der Walls attraction, double layer repulsion, capillary and viscous drag Figure 1). Grain size distribution establishes the range of possible particle packing configurations. And, particle shape (i.e., sphericity, angularity and roughness) defines particle interactions, such a...

Motion repulsion is the illusory enlargement of the angle between objects moving in two different directions of motion. Previous work suggests that motion repulsion occurs under dichoptic conditions, and therefore is binocular. In reference repulsion the direction of motion is misperceived even if only a single direction of motion is presented. In an experiment I show that repulsion under dicho...

The properties of multiply charged anions are dominated by intramolecular Coulomb repulsion (ICR). Using photoelectron imaging, we show the effect of ICR on photoelectron angular distributions for a series of dianions, -O2C(CH2)_{n}CO_{2};{-} (D_{n};{2-}). The observed photoemission band of D_{n};{2-} was due to a perpendicular transition from the charged end group. However, photoemission inten...

We present a theory of electron-mediated interaction between adatoms in graphene. In the case of resonant scattering, relevant for hydrogenated graphene, a long-range 1/r interaction is found. This interaction can be viewed as a fermionic analog of the Casimir interaction, in which massless fermions play the role of photons. The interaction is an attraction or a repulsion depending on whether t...

The four-nucleon bound state and scattering below three-body breakup threshold are described based on the realistic coupledchannel potential CD Bonn + ∆ which allows the excitation of a single nucleon to a ∆ isobar. The Coulomb repulsion between protons is included. In the four-nucleon system the two-baryon coupled-channel potential yields effective two-, threeand fournucleon forces, mediated b...

We consider the resonant optical force acting on a pair of transparent microspheres by the excitation of morphology-dependent resonance (MDR). The bonding and antibonding modes of the MDR correspond to strong attraction and repulsion, respectively. The dependence of the force on separation and the role of absorption are discussed. At resonance, the force can be enhanced by orders of magnitude s...

I discuss how colloidal particles organize when they are confined by emulsion droplets. In these systems, the interplay between surface tension and interparticle repulsion drives the formation of complex, non-crystalline 3D arrangements. These can be classified into three groups: colloidosomes, or Pickering emulsions, structures that form when particles are bound to the interface of a spherical...

Lifting capacities greater than 41 N/cm2 (60 psi) at 77 K have been achieved using a combination of permanent magnets and high quality melt-textured YBa,Cu,O,-s (YBCO). The key concept of this hybrid superconducting magnetic bearing (HSMB) is the use of strong magnetic repulsion and attraction from permanent magnets to support high loads in conjunction with flux pinning in a type II superconduc...

This is a small pattern language for running online trainings. The language starts with an entry pattern ONLINE TRAINING. All other patterns are supporting this pattern and help to make online trainings more alive. Some of the patterns are not exclusive for online uses, for instance PREPARED EXAMPLE or TEST RUN. These patterns could be part of a pattern language for trainings as well. They are ...