Cell reprogramming is a process of transitions from differentiated to pluripotent cell states via transient intermediate states. Within the epigenetic landscape framework, such a process is regarded as a sequence of transitions among basins on the landscape; therefore, theoretical construction of a model landscape which exhibits experimentally consistent dynamics can provide clues to understand...

Direct reprogramming procedures reset the epigenetic memory of cells and convert differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. In addition to epigenetic memory of cell identity, which is established during development, somatic cells can accumulate abnormal epigenetic changes that can contribute to pathological conditions. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing o...

Reprogramming is a process of transforming differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells by inducing specific modifying factors in the cells. Reprogramming is a non-equilibrium process involving a collaboration at levels separated by orders of magnitude in time scale, namely transcription factor binding/unbinding, protein synthesis/degradation, and epigenetic histone modification. We propose...

Unlike mammals, zebrafish can regenerate a damaged retina. This remarkable regenerative response is mediated by Müller glia (MG) that undergo a reprogramming event that drives their proliferation and the generation of multipotent progenitors for retinal repair. The mechanisms that drive MG reprogramming are poorly understood. Here, we report that Leptin and Gp130-coupled receptors, acting via a...

It has been suggested that the transcription factor Nanog is essential for the establishment of pluripotency during the derivation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, successful reprogramming to pluripotency with a growing list of divergent transcription factors, at ever-increasing efficiencies, suggests that there may be many distinct routes to a plurip...

Yamanaka’s pioneering work demonstrating the ability of fully differentiated cells to reprogram into embryonic stem cells with just four factors (c-Myc, Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4) ushered in a new era of regenerative biology.1 Although it is currently thought that reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state involves multiple stochastic epigenetic events, progenitors with some degr...

Wireless reprogramming of a sensor network is useful for uploading new code or for changing the functionality of existing code. Reprogramming may be done multiple times during a node’s lifetime and therefore a node has to remain receptive to future code updates. Existing reprogramming protocols, including Deluge, achieve this by bundling the reprogramming protocol and the application as one cod...

Mature cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state. These so called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are able to give rise to all cell types of the body and consequently have vast potential for regenerative medicine applications. Traditionally iPS cells are generated by viral introduction of transcription factors Oct-4, Klf-4, Sox-2, and c-Myc (OKSM) into fibroblasts. However, reprogra...

Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires profound alterations in the epigenetic landscape. During reprogramming, a change in chromatin structure resets the gene expression and stabilises self-renewal. Reprogramming is a highly inefficient process, in part due to multiple epigenetic barriers. Although many epigenetic factors have already been shown to aff...

Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder caused by loss of function of any of 14 genes in the FA pathway, a pathway coordinating cellular DNA damage repair mechanisms particularly involved in protection from DNA cross-linking agents.2 Clinically, FA manifests with bone marrow failure and increased propensity to malignancy. Genetic complementation of the FA pathway has been shown to correct the hema...