background: the pelger-huet anomaly dominantly is a rare and benign inherited defect of terminal neutrophil differentiation. although neutrophil migration may be minimally impaired, granulocytes function is otherwise normal association abnormalities such as ocular, musculoskeletal are reported very rare. case: an eight year-old boy with good consciousness but severe muscular atrophia and diffic...

purpose: to report a case who had optic disc duplication, a rare congenital disorder characterized by two well-defined discs in one eye. case report: a 19 months-old child presented with unilateral epiphora in the right eye since birthday. the right eye was smaller than the left eye and mild ptosis was apparent. nasolacrimal duct probing was performed under general anesthesia. the examination r...

non‑recurrent laryngeal nerve (nrln) is a rare anomaly which is reported in 0.3%‑0.8% of people on the right side and in 0.004% (extremely rare) on the left side. damage to this nerve during the surgical procedure may lead to severe iatrogenic morbidity and should therefore be prevented from being damaged. the best way to avoid this damage to the nerve is to identify the nerve with a systematic...