Ramp signalling is an access control for motorways, in which a traffic signal is placed at onramps to regulate the rate of vehicles entering the motorway and thus to preserve the motorway capacity. In general, ramp signalling algorithms fall into two categories: local control and coordinated control by their effective scope. Coordinated ramp signalling strategies make use of measurements from t...

The surface shear rheology of hydrophobin HFBII adsorption layers is studied in angle-ramp/relaxation regime by means of a rotational rheometer. The behavior of the system is investigated at different shear rates and concentrations of added β-casein. In angle-ramp regime, the experimental data comply with the Maxwell model of viscoelastic behavior. From the fits of the rheological curves with t...

Dynamic stall on airfoils negatively impacts their aerodynamic performance and can lead to structural damage. Accurate prediction modelling of the dynamic loads are crucial for a more robust design wings blades that operate under unsteady conditions susceptible widening range operation these lifting surfaces. Many models rely empirical parameters need be obtained from experimental or numerical ...

PURPOSE This study examined parameters derived from both an incremental step-wise and a ramp-wise graded rowing exercise test in relation to rowing performance. METHODS Discontinuous step-wise incremental rowing to exhaustion established lactate threshold (LT), maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2maxSTEP)), and power associated with VO(2max) (W VO(2max)). A further continuous ramp-wise test was u...

As photovoltaic energy increasingly penetrates in power systems, transmission system operators have started to request its participation providing ancillary services. One of the demanded services is ramp-rate control (PRRC), which attempts limit ramps produced by intermittent irradiance conditions. In order achieve desired objective, solutions based on storage systems or modifying maximum point...

Nanoporous silicon powder was produced via efficient magnesiothermic reduction. In this work, the thermal effect and reduction process time were investigated on the porous silicon structure. The nanoporous silicon powders were characterized by  X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that porous structure was changed to homogeneous and...

I. The activity of corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells, identified by clear postspike facilitation (PSF) of rectified EMG activity in spike-triggered averages, was recorded in precentral cortex of monkeys making two types of ramp-and-hold wrist responses. “Auxotonic” wrist movements against elastic loads required active torque proportional to wrist displacement, and isometric responses involved ramp...

The representation of joint position at rest and during movement was investigated in 44 muscle spindle primary afferents originating from the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRb) and extensor digitorum (ED) of normal human subjects. Position sensitivity was estimated for each afferent, and 43 of 44 were position sensitive. In each trial, six sequential ramp-and-hold movements (2-6 degrees, 2 d...